Download coming of civil war

The Missouri Question - Northerners were against adding
Missouri to the union as a slave state because it would disrupt the
balance of power in Congress between slave and free states.
Balance of Free
and Slave States
(1819)
Original 13 States
Illinois (1818)
Indiana (1816)
Alabama (1819)
Mississippi (1817)
Ohio (1803)
Vermont (1791)
Rhode Island
Louisiana (1812)
Tennessee (1796)
Kentucky (1792)
New York
New Hampshire
Massachusetts
Connecticut
Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Maryland
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Free States
Georgia
Delaware
Slave States
Balance of Free and Slave States (1821)
Missouri
Compromise
(1820)
Maine (1820)
Illinois (1818)
Indiana (1816)
Ohio (1803)
Missouri (1821)
Alabama (1819)
Mississippi (1817)
Louisiana (1812)
• Missouri was
admitted to the
union as a slave
state, and Maine
was admitted as a
free state.
Vermont (1791)
Rhode Island
New York
New Hampshire
Tennessee (1796)
Kentucky (1792)
Virginia
North Carolina
Massachusetts
Connecticut
South Carolina
Maryland
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Free States
Georgia
Delaware
Slave States
Original 13 States
• Slavery was allowed in the part of the Louisiana Purchase
south of the 36 , 30'N.
• Slavery was banned north of 36 , 30'N, except for Missouri.
Sectionalism – loyalty to a state or
section rather than to the whole country.
Compromise of 1850
I. California became a free state.
II. The rest of the Mexican Cession was divided into two
parts; Utah (UT) and New Mexico (NM).
* people in UT and NM used popular sovereignty to decide
on the slavery issue
III. The slave trade ended in Washington, D.C.
IV. The Fugitive Slave Law was passed.
Free
States
Original
13
States
California (1850)
Wisconsin (1848)
Iowa (1846)
Michigan (1837)
Maine (1820)
Texas (1845)
Florida (1845)
Arkansas (1836)
Missouri (1821)
Illinois (1818)
Alabama (1819)
Indiana (1816)
Mississippi (1817)
Ohio (1803)
Louisiana (1812)
Vermont (1791)
Tennessee (1796)
Rhode Island
Kentucky (1792)
New York
Virginia
New Hampshire
North Carolina
Massachusetts
South Carolina
Connecticut
Maryland
New Jersey
Georgia
Pennsylvania
Delaware
Slave
States
Slave and Free Territories Under the Compromise of 1850
The Fugitive Slave Law
• All Americans, by law, were
required to help catch
runaway slaves.
• You could be fined and/or
imprisoned for helping a
runaway slave.
• This law infuriated
northerners!
Cazenovia, MA, Fugitive
Slave Law Convention held
on 21 and 22 August 1850;
Frederick Douglass is seated
at the right side of the table.
Kansas-Nebraska Act
The people of each territory voted on whether or not to allow
slavery. (popular sovereignty)
* The Kansas-Nebraska Act violated the Missouri
Compromise. Both territories were north of 36 , 30’ N and
should NOT have been allowed to have slaves.
“Bleeding Kansas”
Before the vote on slavery:
• Northerners crossed the
border to keep KS a free
state.
• Southerners crossed the
border to make KS a slave
state.
• Both sides claimed
victory on the vote!
John Brown and his sons were
responsible for the brutal murder
of several proslavery men near
Pottawatomie, Kansas in
1856. The men were called out of
their homes at night and hacked to
death with swords. This was just
one of many incidents that earned
Kansas Territory the name of
"Bleeding Kansas.”
* In 1859, he and his followers
seized a federal arsenal in Harpers
Ferry, Virginia.
Lincoln – Douglas
Debates
In 1858, Abraham
Lincoln challenged
incumbent Stephen
Douglas for his seat in
the Senate.
(Incumbent – the holder
of an office or position)
Abraham Lincoln (left) and
Stephen Douglas (right)
Lincoln – Douglas
Debates
Stephen Douglas:
• Lincoln was wrong for
wanting to end slavery.
• If Lincoln tried to end
slavery, the U.S. could
face a civil war.
• Douglas believed that
each territory should be
able to decide on its’
own whether or not to
allow slavery by using
popular sovereignty.
Lincoln – Douglas Debates
Abraham Lincoln:
• Lincoln personally believed that
slavery was evil and should be kept
out of the territories.
• Lincoln believed that African
Americans were guaranteed “life,
liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”,
as stated in the Declaration of
Independence.
Lincoln – Douglas Debates
Results:
• Douglas won the debates by a slim margin.
• However, Lincoln became well known throughout the nation.
Dred Scott Decision
• Dred Scott was a slave from Missouri. His owner died
while living in Wisconsin.
Dred Scott
Dred Scott Decision
* Scott sued for his freedom. He claimed that he should be a
free man since he lived in a Wisconsin for four years.
Dred Scott
SUPREME COURT
DECISIONS:
Q: Was Scott a U.S.
citizen with the right to
sue?
A: NO
Q: Did living in a free
territory make Scott a
free man?
A: NO
Q: Did Congress have
the right to outlaw
slavery in any territory?
A: NO
RESULTS:
• Dred Scott was not given his freedom.
• The Missouri Compromise was found to be unconstitutional.
Open to
slavery
through
popular
sovereignty
(Compromise
of 1850)
Missouri Compromise line is declared
unconstitutional (Dred Scott Decision)
Open to
slavery
through
popular
sovereignty
(KS-NE
Act)
1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!
Election of 1860:
Main Candidates
Abraham
Lincoln
(Republican)
Stephen
Douglas
(Northern
Democrat)
John
Breckinridge
(Southern
Democrat)
John Bell
(Constitutional
Union)
1860
Election
Results
Secession:
• In response to Lincoln’s victory, the southern states seceded
from the Union in 1861, forming the Confederate States of
America.
Original Confederate flag
Eventual Confederate flag
Civil War: Union v. Confederacy
LEADERS:
Abraham
Lincoln:
“A House divided against itself
cannot stand” -- A. Lincoln
•Little political experience
(served 1 term in the House of
Representatives)
•Strong reputation for honesty,
temperance, jokes and
storytelling
28
LEADERS:
“All we ask is to be left alone” -- J.
Davis
Jefferson Davis:
•West Point graduate, Colonel
in Mexican-American war,
Secretary of war, & Senator
from Miss.
•Not a popular president,
especially with big fans of
state’s rights
Who has the advantage
in leadership?
29
SO HOW DID IT BEGIN?
Fort
Sumter:
Where?
•Fort Sumter lies in the harbor of Charleston, S.C.
30
Why?
•When Lincoln enters office, fort is running
out of food
What?
•Lincoln can either defend the fort and risk
war or abandon it and look weak in the eyes
of the South
31
So...
•Lincoln sends unarmed vessel with food,
giving the governor of S.C. plenty of warning
•S.C. attacks anyway and Lincoln asks for
Northern volunteers
•This attack on the Union probably helps him
keep many of the border states
32
Bombardment of Fort Sumter, Charleston Harbor
April 12 and 13, 1861
Fort Sumter, S.C., April 4, 1861, under the Confederate flag.
Fort Sumter
• Fort Sumter,
South Carolina,
was important
because it
guarded
Charleston harbor
• Therefore, the
Confederates
attacked,
defeating the
Union soldiers.
* The Civil War had now begun!
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES:
North
•Population:
22 million
•4 million men of
combat age
South
•Population:
9 million
•1.2 million men of
fighting age
•3.5 million slaves
North has the advantage in population
36
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES:
North
•Economy:
100,000 Factories
•70,000 miles of
Railroad
•$190,000 in bank
deposits
South
•Economy:
20,000 factories
•9,000 miles of
Railroad
•$50,000 in bank
deposits
North has the advantage in industrial power
37
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES:
North
•Armed Forces:
mostly drafted soldiers
with overly cautious
officers
•More soldiers
•African Americans 10% of Union forces
•Strong navy
South
•Armed Forces:
better trained soldiers
& better leadership
•No real navy
North has the advantage in # of soldiers, but South
in the quality of soldiers & generals
38
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES:
North
•Government Strong wellestablished
government
South
Government Weak government,
most power given to
states
North has a stronger government, better able to direct
resources (people & products) towards the war
39
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES:
North
•Motivation:
Preserve the union
•Later - free the
slaves
South
•Motivation:
Preserve way of
life
Who has the advantage in motivation? You decide.
40