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United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
Oscar Mireles
Plant Pathologist Identifier
PLANT INSPECTION STATION
Los Indios International Bridge
Los Indios, TX
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
IMPORT REGULATIONS FOR PLANT
MATERIAL FOR PROPAGATION
INTO THE UNITED STATES
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
2003
USDA
APHIS
PPQ
PLANT HEALTH
SAFEGUARDING
SPECIALISTS
IDENTIFIERS
SPECIALISTS
DHS - CBP
PLANT
INSPECTION
STATIONS
CBP AGRICULTURE
SPECIALISTS
STATIONED AT
PORTS OF ENTRY
SAFEGUARDING THE AMERICAN AGRICULTURE
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
CBP
PASSENGER
AND
CARGO
INSPECTIONS
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
USDA
INSPECTION AND CLEARANCE OF
PLANT MATERIAL FOR PLANTING
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
TREATMENTS
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
FRUIT FLIES
MEDITERRANEAN FLY – Ceratitis capitata
MEXICAN FRUIT FLY – Anastrepha ludens
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
RED PALM MITE – Raoiella indica Hirst
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
ASIAN SAGO PALM Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
Ralstonia solanacearum
WHITE RUST – Puccinia horiana
GLADIOLUS RUST – Uromyces transversalis
CITRUS CANKER – Xanthomonas axonopodis pv citri (Xac)
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
GIANT AFRICAN SNAIL – Achatina sp.
GYPSY MOTH – Lymantria dispar L.
KHAPRA BEETLE – Trogoderma granarium Everts
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
ASIAN LONGHORN BEETLE – Anoplophora glabripennis
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
Tetralicia sp. (Homoptera:Aleyrodidae)
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
Tetralicia sp. (Homoptera:Aleyrodidae)
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
SEATTLE, WA
PLANT INSPECTION STATIONS
LINDEN, NJ
SAN FRANCISCO, CA
JAMAICA, NY
BELTSVILLE, MD
HAWTHORN, CA
ATLANTA, GA
SAN DIEGO, CA
NOGALES, AZ
HUMBLE, TX
KENNER, LA
LOS INDIOS, TX
ORLANDO, FL
MIAMI, FL
HONOLULU, HI
CAROLINA, PR
TAMUNING, GU
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
Importers of plants for planting have five important responsibilities:
1. Before placing an order, the importer must obtain any required import permit or make certain
that existing permits provide for the entry of the desired material.
2. The importer must transmit appropriate instructions to the foreign shipper.
3. The importer must make advance arrangements for meeting all of U.S. Customs and Border
Protection requirements.
4. The importer must supply labor and materials or arrange for this through a broker or agent,
when necessary.
5. The importer should make the necessary shipping arrangements that ensure plant materials
under permit are delivered for inspection to a USDA plant inspection station. Movement of
restricted plant material from the plant inspection station to the final destination is also the
responsibility of the consignee and/or broker.
Failure to accept these responsibilities may result in costly delays at the port of entry and/or loss
or deterioration of plant material
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
Freedom from soil:
All plant material must be free from sand, soil, and earth. Leaf mold and other decayed
vegetable molds are considered soil. Plants arriving in or contaminated with sand, soil, or earth
will be refused entry.
Packing material:
Only approved packing material may be used. A complete list of approved packing materials
can be found in the regulations, Title 7 CFR 319.37-9. The commonly used approved packing
materials include ground peat, sphagnum moss, perlite, pulp-free coconut or other vegetable
fibers (excluding sugarcane and cotton), osmunda fiber, excelsior (woodwool), wood shavings,
sawdust, ground cork, buckwheat hulls, polymer stabilized cellulose, and exfoliated vermiculite.
Nursery stock which has been wrapped, coated, dipped, sprayed, or otherwise packaged in
plastic, wax or other impermeable material that prevents adequate inspection or treatment may be
refused entry.
Size-age limitations:
Only plants, no more than two years of age when they have been grown from
cuttings or seeds or having no more than one year's growth after severance from the parent plant
when produced by layers, or having no more than two years growth from the bud or graft when
they have been produced by budding or grafting, are admissible.
Labeling:
All plant material must be plainly and legibly labeled with scientific names (genus, species, and
if possible, variety). Plants or bundles of plants should be individually labeled. Lack of labeling
results in handling delays.
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
PLANT SIZE AND AGE LIMITATIONS
(abstracted from 7 CFR 319.37-2)
Bonsai, penjing, and similar plants that have been artificially
dwarfed by means such as intensive root and
stem pruning in order to maintain a small shape for container
growing are not subject to size and age limits.
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
PLANT SIZE AND AGE LIMITATIONS
(abstracted from 7 CFR 319.37-2)
Plant Type
Not More Than
Rhododendrons and plants with similar growth
habits
• 3 years old if grown from seed
Naturally dwarfed plants
12 inches (305 mm) in length from soil line
Dormant herbaceous perennials (root crowns or
clumps without leaves)
4 inches (102 mm) in diameter
Stem cuttings without branches, sprouts, leaves
and roots (except epiphytes and cacti)
Stem cuttings of epiphytes without branches,
sprouts, or leaves (may have aerial roots)
• 2 years old if produced by layering
4 inches (102 mm) in diameter and 6 feet (1.83
meters) in length
Cactus cuttings without roots or branches
6 inches (153 mm) diameter and 4 feet (1.22
meters) in length
Plants that “simulate” the habits of woody plants
(e.g., cacti, cycads, yuccas, dracaenas, etc.)
18 inches (460 mm) in length from soil line to
farthest growing point
Palms and plants whose growth habits simulate
palms
36 inches (915 mm) in length of stem plus leaves
Plants not listed above
• 2 years old if grown from seeds or cutting
• 1 year old if produced by layering
• 2 years old if produced by budding or grafting
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
Certification::
Title 7 CFR 319.37-4 requires that plants for planting offered for importation must be
accompanied by an original phytosanitary certificate of inspection issued by the proper
plant quarantine official in the country of origin. Also, please note that certain plants, or
plants from certain countries, may require “additional declarations” on the phytosanitary
certificate (see 7CFR 319.37-5 for specifics).
Mail shipments:
All mail shipments require the use of a green-and-yellow label issued by the PPQ Permit
Unit. Green and yellow labels should be used only for mail importations.
Baggage entries:
The importation of most plant material (except certain bulbs and flower seeds) by baggage
may prove more costly than entry by mail. The importer may have to arrange for a bonded
carrier (if available at the port of arrival) to transport the material to the nearest USDA plant
inspection station. Also, upon completion of PPQ handling, the importer or broker will have
to arrange to pay forwarding costs.
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
Treatments:
The Plant Protection Act gives the USDA, APHIS, PPQ the responsibility for protecting the
United States from the introduction and dissemination of injurious arthropod plant pests,
pathogens, and noxious weeds. Please be advised that approved methods used to control
such organisms are not always available to eliminate pest risk and some treatments are
phytotoxic. Perishable plant materials undergo much stress and are often weakened by
adverse shipping conditions. Improve your chances of avoiding adverse consequences of
treatment by communicating to the exporter the necessity for them to ship pest-free,
healthy plant material using a timely means of conveyance.
Treatments used by PPQ to control pest infestations on imported plants and seeds are
those which are the most effective for the pest concerned and believed to be least likely to
cause injury to the plants involved. All treatments are applied at the risk of the importer.
The importer should carefully consider other measures communicated in the Emergency
Action Notification (PPQ 523). These measures typically include the right to return the
plant material to origin or destroy the plant material under official supervision.
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
Small Lots of Seed
Lots of seed may be imported without a phytosanitary certificate under the following
conditions:
(1) The importation of the seed is authorized by a written permit.
(2) The seed is not of any prohibited genus;
is not of any Federal noxious weed;
does not require an additional declaration on a phytosanitary certificate;
does not require treatment;
is not a parasitic plant;
is not genetically modified;
and if a field crop or vegetable seed, it meets the requirements of the Federal Seed
Act import provisions.
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
Small Lots of Seed (continuation)
(3) The seed meets the following packaging and shipping requirements:
(i) Each seed packet is clearly labeled with the name of the collector/shipper, the
country of origin, and the scientific name at least to the genus, and preferably to the
species, level;
(ii) There are a maximum of 50 seeds of 1 taxon (taxonomic category such as
genus, species, cultivar, etc.) per packet; or a maximum weight not to exceed 10
grams of seed of 1 taxon;
(iii) There are a maximum of 50 seed packets per shipment;
(iv) The seeds are free from pesticides;
(v) The seeds are securely packaged in packets or envelopes and sealed to prevent
spillage;
(vi) The shipment is free from soil, plant material other than seed, other foreign
matter or debris, seeds in the fruit or seed pod, and living organisms such as
parasitic plants, pathogens, insects, snails, mites; and
(vii) At the time of importation, the shipment is sent to either the Plant Germplasm
Quarantine Center in Beltsville, MD, or an approved port of entry listed in the
permit.
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
How to Apply for a Small Lots of Seed Permit:
For fastest turn around time, apply on-line at:
https://epermits.aphis.usda.gov/epermits
Alternately, use PPQ Form 587, Application for Permit to Import Plants
or Plant Products.
On the first line of section 3 of the application, enter “SMALL LOTS
OF SEED PROGRAM”.
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
CIVIL PENALTIES
NO “WARNINGS” similar to traffic violations will be issued to the
traveler before a fine may be assessed.
Lowest amount for first time violation:
Non-commercial = $ 300.00
Commercial=
$ 500.00
YOUR RECORD STAYS ON DHS AND USDA NATIONAL
DATABASES.
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine
You Can Help Protect American Agriculture
Whether mailing a boxwood from England, carrying propagated orchids back from Thailand, or shipping a load
of philodendrons from Central America, you must follow USDA’s proper procedures for importing plants and
plant products. By following these procedures, you will help protect American agriculture from foreign plant
pests and diseases.
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Plant Protection and Quarantine