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Transcript
Personality Test Tips 1. Read/ review Chapter 14 Remember: There is not on way to describe or interpret personality. The theories all explain certain aspects of personality and apply different approaches to determine what it is. Ex: Psychoanalytic approaches focus more on the inner drives, past experiences and the unconscious in terms of personality. However, the theories differ on this. Karen Horney looked at how parenting influenced personality whereas Freud believed that we had inner unconscious forces that battled within us. 2. Approaches & main theorists Trait- Big Five, Eysenk, Cattell, Allport Psychoanalytic: Freud Jung, Adler, Horney Humanistic: Maslow, Rogers Behavioral/ Social Cog: Watson, Bandura, Skinner, Mischel Evolutionary- Buss and general ideas of this perspective Biological- genetic and physiological influences Positive psych- Happiness 3. For each approach KNOW: - Common aspects/ ideas of the approach- for example: Trait theory- does not consider the biology of where traits come from, just that they exist. All trait theorists agree upon that human have certain ranges of traits Psycho-analytics deals with the unconscious, past experiences, certain inner conflicts, therapies for getting to the root of these conflicts, dreams etc. Humanists all believe that humans are innately good and striving for their best (that is a criticism of the theory by the way). Humans are constantly and consciously looking at their experiences and evaluating their circumstances. Free will decisions. Behavioral- believe that environment and stimulus shape and condition a persona beliefs and behavior. Does not deal with unconscious behavior. - Aspects each theorist differs on- for example, how Freud, Horney, Adler and Jung differ on their beliefs. -Know major aspects of each different theory/ theorist within the approach – look at list above in # 2 Ex: Eysenck has three ranges of traits whereas Cattell has the 16 pf., Adler believes in inferiority and superiority complexes rooting from childhood, while Horney believes in Neurotic Needs -Know a little bit of background on each theorist and how it impacts their theories. For example: Bandura’s most famous experiment was the Bobo Doll Experiment, or Watson’s famous quote” Give me 12 infants….” Or Adler’s childhood sicknesses and how they influenced his own theories or inferiority. OR that Honey had a crush on her brother and was severely depressed. - Know advantages and shortcomings of each approach and the theories with them. For example, trait theories do not explain where traits come from and it can place a certain label on humans, but an advantage of trait theory is that is allow us to place people in the proper job preferences, OR that humanistic theory is hard to scientifically measure, but can explain certain human behaviors very well that all of us can relate to in our own lives. Jungian theory has become more philosophical and mystical in nature and not scientific. Watson’s theory does not take into account and biological or physiological influence on behavior. -Know the concepts of self that is described in the video, which also ties into Roger’s theory. (academic, self, emotional self, social self, creative self etc) If you did not get to see video it is linked on my Psych webpage on the left side. 4. You do not need to know -Types of personality testing from last section including the MMPI, psych tests and the ink blots etc. 5. Helpful terms to study (this is not a complete list. Most of these fit a theory) Academic, physical, emotional, social self( Rogers) Archetypes Psychoanalysis Archetypes Behavioralism Cardinal, Central Secondary Collective unconscious Compensation Compliance, aggression, withdrawl Conditional regard and unconditional regard Conscious Defense mechanisms Despised Self Ego Extinguish, punishment Extraversion Factor analysis Fixation Five Factor Model Hierarchy of Needs Humanism Healthy self Id Ideal Self Incongruence (versus congruence) Inferiority Complex Individual therapy Introversion Modeling MMPI Neurotic Needs Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Psychoticism Observational learning Operant Conditioning OCEAN Oedipal/Electra Complex Parental indifference Person centered therapy Peron situation theory Personal Unconscious Positive/ negative reinforcement, extinguish, punishment( Skinner) Positive regard (conditional and unconditional) Proprium-7 parts of self Real Self Relaxed atmosphere, free association, resistance, dream analysis, paraphraxes, transference, catharsis and insight Rorastch Ink Blots Self actualization Self concept Self efficacy Social cognitive theory ( BAndura) Superiority Complex Trait theory Traits Unconscious