Download Unit 10 - Personality

AP Psychology
Unit 10: Personality
Study Guide
Vocabulary:
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personality
psychoanalysis
psychoanalytic theory
unconscious
libido
id
superego
ego
psychosexual stages
Oedipus complex
identification
fixation
ego defense mechanism
repression
projective tests
Rorschach inkblot technique
Thematic Apperception Test
(TAT)
18. Psychic determinism
19. neo-Freudians
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personal unconscious
collective unconscious
archetypes
introversion
extraversion
basic anxiety
neurotic needs
inferiority complex
compensation
traits
central traits
secondary traits
cardinal traits
self-actualizing personalities
fully functioning person
false consensus effect
positive psychology
observational learning
reciprocal determinism
locus of control
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humanistic theories
temperament
five-factor theory
MMPI-2
reliability
validity
person-situation controversy
type
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
(MBTI)
Minnesota Multiphasic
Personality Inventory (MMPI)
implicit personality theory
fundamental attribution error
neuroticism
psychodynamic theories
unconditional positive regard
spotlight effect
social-cognitive perspective
self-serving bias
Theorists:
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Sigmund Freud
Alfred Adler
Karen Horney
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Carl Jung
Gordon Allport
Abraham Maslow
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Carl Rogers
Albert Bandura
Paul Costa
Discussion questions:
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You are talking quietly with some friends at a restaurant when all of a sudden a new student at your school, Dave, sits
down at your table. Dave immediately starts to tell a loud, funny story to everyone at the table while he gobbles French
fries from your plate. Use the following theories to explain or describe aspects of Dave's behavior:
• Reaction formation
• Trait theory
• Maslow's hierarchy of needs
• Reciprocal determinism
• Operant conditioning
• Drive-reduction theory
• Incentive theory
2. Your friend Fred says “I decided to make one of those online personality tests as a project in my psychology class. How
hard can it be?”
Part A: Explain whether or not Fred should use the following personality theories as a basis for his online personality
test.
• Psychoanalytic perspective
• Humanistic theory
• Trait theory
Part B: Fred asks for your advice about how he should create his online personality test. Use the following terms to
describe a process Fred could use.
• Factor analysis
• Reliability
• Validity
3. During a heated argument with his father, 15-year-old Jason developed a paralysis of his right arm. Medical
examinations can find no physical cause for the paralysis. Use the psychoanalytic perspective to explain how the
paralysis may be Jason's attempt to deal with an unconscious conflict between his id and superego.
4. According to a number of psychologists, a major purpose of the defense mechanisms described by Freud is the
protection of self-esteem. Give an example of how repression, reaction formation, projection, rationalization, and
displacement could each be used to protect or even enhance a positive self-image.
5. Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers are both considered humanistic psychologists. Explain at least one core belief that
Maslow and Rogers shared about human behavior and at least one criticism of their humanistic personality theory.
6. Briefly explain how trait theorists develop and test theories such as the “Big Five” personality factors.
7. The personality traits that Tonya demonstrates at parties with her friends are very different from those she exhibits
when she participates in class activities. Using your knowledge of reciprocal determinism to explain why the variability
of Tonya's behavior in different situations is not surprising.
8. Dr. Brunsman asks his students to self-assess their own studying and retention abilities as students and asks about how
often they think other students imitate their studying behaviors. Explain how the spotlight effect and the self-serving
bias may influence Dr. Brunsman's results.
9. Name and describe the three personality parts according to Freud. Be sure to describe how the parts of
personality interrelate, and what strategies mediate between motivation and the expression of personality and
behavior.
10. Explain the Psychoanalytic, Humanistic and Social-Cognitive Theories in terms of their approaches to
personality. Be sure to include at least one prominent individual and the basic components and at least
one disadvantage of each theory.
11. Explain three main differences between Individualistic and Collectivist societies.
12. Compare projective test to trait personality tests. Tell what they measure and how they measure it.
13. Explain the basis by which ego defense mechanisms reduce anxiety. Name, describe and give five practical
examples of such mechanisms.
14. Compare and contrast the personality theory developed by Carl Jung and the Big Five system of traits.