Download SPAIN LOOKS WESTWARD

SPAIN LOOKS WESTWARD
GEOGRAPHY AND RELIGION IN SPAIN
THE SPANISH INQUISITION
GOLD AND GLORY
GEOGRAPHY AND
RELIGION
• The people of Spain have a saying, “La geographia
manda” which translates into “Geography controls
everything”
• Spain’s location between Africa and Europe had a
great influence on its religious history
• At the beginning of the Middle Ages, almost
everyone in Spain, and in most of Europe, was
Christian
• Spain was ruled by the Visgoths, a group which had
invaded Spain from the north at the end of the
Roman Empire
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VVbd7BtfEG8&
• A series of weak rulers and internal struggles left
Spain vulnerable to outside attack
GEOGRAPHY AND
RELIGION
• In 711 a Muslim force led by Tariq ibn-Ziyad
crossed the Strait of Gibraltar and landed in
Spain
• Within a few years, Muslims controlled nearly
the entire Iberian peninsula
• As a symbol of their influence, a large mosque
was built in the city of Cordoba
• Many Christians converted to Islam but some
did not
• For the next five centuries Spain was part of a
large Arab Islamic empire
• Goods and ideas were exchanged across areas
from Spain, Egypt, Zanzibar and Indonesia
GEOGRAPHY AND
RELIGION
• Muslim rulers are rich merchants were patrons
of the arts
• Islam discourages showings human beings,
animals and other subjects realistically because
it may lead to idolatry, the worshipping of idols
• Most Muslim works therefore features designs
and written script
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PqTg4ePtX
qs&feature=fvwrel&
GEOGRAPHY AND
RELIGION
• Muhammad, the founder of Islam believed
spreading his new religion was a sacred duty
• Learning was greatly valued in the Muslim
society as a way of understanding the universe
and leading an ethical life
• Muslim established the first university in Cairo
in 971, over 200 years before the first
university in Europe
• Cordoba, Seville and Granada became great
learning centres in Muslim Spain
• Muslim scholars discussed and studied
medicine and science
GEOGRAPHY AND
RELIGION
• By the early 1000s, the caliphate , the area of
jurisdiction of Muslim rulers, began to decline
in Spain
• When the Muslims had first arrived in Spain,
they had limited the Christian controlled area
to a narrow strip along the northern coast
• These areas began to expand southward
• The Reconquista began as a way for the
Christian kingdoms to expand their power and
influence
• Reconquista is a Spanish term that means
reconquest
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LNHBvo74PVE
1085
Christian forces capture Toledo
1094
“El Cid” takes Valencia
1137
Union of Aragon and Catalonia
1142
Lisbon taken by the Christians
1212
Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa; defeat of Alomhads
1248
Seville falls to Christians
1410
Ferdinand, Regent of Castile, takes Antequera, becomes the
King of Aragon
1469
Marriage of Ferdinand II and Isabella
1479
Union of Castiule and Aragon
1492
Capture of Grenada
During the Reconquista, the Spanish developed new battle techniques
making them the deadliest fighting force in Europe. They brought these
techniques with them to the Americas.
CREATING A
CHRISTIAN SPAIN
• King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella were so
devoted to their religion that the Pope gave them a
special title- Catholic Monarchs
• The Reconquista needed Christian crusaders from
across Europe to help them regain control of
Spanish territory from the Muslims
• By 1269, only Grenada remained in Muslim hands
• In January of 1492, after a ten year battle, it was
regained by the Christians
• In an effort to unite Spain under one religion
Ferdinand and Isabella took over the Spanish
Inquisition from the Church
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6IAqOcyAuKc&feature=related
&
THE INQUISITION
• The Spanish Inquisition
– a state run system of courts where Church
officials put believers of religious ideas other
than Catholicism on trial
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uVBrOxcW
t0c&feature=fvsr&
– Monotheism
– is a teaching of the Christian, Muslim and
Jewish faiths that all teach the existence of one
god
• Polytheism
– cultures that believed in the existence of
multiple gods
THE INQUISITION
• The Muslims and Jews were given a choice, convert
or be exiled
• The expulsion had serious negative effects
• Many were members of the educated middle class
making it difficult to maintain economic growth at
the end of the 1400s
SAVING SOULS
• As the Muslims were removed from Spain,
Ferdinand and Isabella knew they were spreading
Islam throughout the Middle East
• They viewed this as a threat to Catholicism
• The Spanish royals began to believe they had a
religious duty to spread the Catholic faith to as
many converts as possible, both within and outside
Spain
• It was a key reason in changing their support for
the Columbus expedition to the New World
• Starting with Columbus all Spanish voyages
brought missionaries with them
• Missionaries are people from religious orders who
had the authority to teach and convert people to
Catholicism
GOLD, GLORY AND
COLUMBUS
• One of the key motivators of the day was the
search for gold
• Gold allowed countries to buy ships and fund wars
to take over other territories
• Due to the costs of fighting to rid Spain of nonCatholics, reserves of gold and silver were nearly
depleted
• There were high hopes that Columbus's journey
would bring back gold to strengthen the Spanish
economy
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gNtgLeSc85A&
GOLD, GLORY AND
COLUMBUS
• When Columbus arrived he found only a small
amount of gold on the island of Hispaniola
• The Spanish court concentrated on the news of
gold, not the amount
• The King and Queen agreed to second voyage
immediately
• It would be better supplied and supported than
the first
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kvm8WA0Y2N
4&
FIRST VOYAGE SECOND VOYAGE
OCTOBER 1492 September 1493
THE FLEET
3 ships (Santa Maria,
Nina , Pita)
17 ships
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WoKsX
Q23Kxw
HIS COMPANY
90 sailors
2500 sailors, soldiers,
missionaries, settlers
HIS INSTRUCTIONS
Explore
Set up a colony on
arrival, with a
permanent settlement
GAINING PERSONAL WEALTH
• There was a large class of lower nobles called hidalgos
• This group had never owned land
• Due to the shortage of decent Spanish farmland, many were
persuaded to become some of the first settlers to the Americas
• El Cid, Rodrigo Diaz de Vicar (1042-1099), was a Christian knight
who sometimes fought on the Muslim side
• It was thought he became the first European to see the Pacific
Ocean
• He was the inspiration for the code of chivalry, which was designed
to govern the behaviour of all Christian soldiers