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Transcript
Earth and its Atmosphere Topic Checklist I should know: structure of the earth consists of the crust, mantle and core surrounded by the atmosphere The crust is a thin layer of rock The lithosphere, the crust and upper mantle, consists of separates pieces called tectonic plates. Rocks in the Earth’s crust provide many useful substances. The atmosphere is a thin layer of gases including nitrogen and oxygen Magma is molten rock; when magma leaves a volcano as a liquid it is called lava When magma (and lava) solidifies it forms igneous rock Igneous rocks include basalt, granite, pumice Igneous rocks are usually hard and strong The quicker the magma or lava cools, the smaller the crystals in the rock Weathering and erosion of rock make sediments Weathering includes chemical, biological and physical weathering Know that rainwater is naturally acidic because of dissolved carbon dioxide Know that sulfur dioxide formed by burning fossil fuels causes acid rain Know that acid rain reacts with some rocks (such as limestone and marble) causing chemical weathering Pressure and cementation turn sediments into rock Sedimentary rocks include sandstone, limestone and mudstone Sedimentary rocks are formed in layers (strata) and may contain fossils Metamorphic rocks are formed when rocks are changed by heat and/or pressure Metamorphic rocks include marble (from limestone) and slate (from mudstone) In the rock cycle, rocks are recycled over millions of years Know how individuals can help reduce air pollution Know the meaning of global warming. Know what factors contribute to the greenhouse effect. Know some possible effects of global warming. Know why some scientists have different views about global warming The atmosphere is a mixture of gases. The atmosphere has changed over time The atmosphere contains 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.04% carbon dioxide, and other gases including argon Natural and human processes change the amounts of gases in the atmosphere Earth is a source of limited resources The carbon cycle shows how carbon moves through the Earth and atmosphere Textbook references: p70-71, p90-101