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Transcript
Limiting Factors Limiting factors are things that prevent a population from ______________ any larger. For example, 10 rabbits may live in a habitat that has enough water, cover and space to support 20 rabbits, but if there is only enough food for ten rabbits, the population will not grow any_____________. In this example, _____________ is the limiting factor. Food is not the only factor that may limit _____________ growth. For example, there may be enough food to support a thousand birds in a certain area, but only suitable nesting sites for one hundred. Or perhaps there is plenty of food, water, cover and space to support a larger population of pheasants in an area, but predators are the limiting factor. Limiting factors are very closely tied to carrying capacity (how many organisms can ______________ in a habitat). Many kinds of animals can _______________ in numbers very quickly, and may temporarily exceed the carrying capacity of their habitat. This results in stress, starvation, disease, predation and parasites, poor reproductive success and damage to the habitat. For example, multiplying muskrats can very quickly _____________ all the vegetation in a marsh. With the vegetation gone, _______________ becomes the limiting factor and the muskrats may starve or move to another______________. The marsh now has a reduced _________________ _____________________ for muskrats until the vegetation grows back again. Common Limiting Factors are: 1. ______________ 2. ______________ 3. Cover and living _____________ 4. ____________________ ________________ such as earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis, and forest fires. 5. ___________________ 6. Natural ___________________ 7. _________________________ - The Black Death is estimated to have killed 30% – 60% of Europe's______________________, reducing the world's population from an estimated 450 million to between 350 and 375 million in 1400. It was probably caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, which was carried by Oriental rat fleas from China living on black rats that were regular passengers on merchant ships traveling from ______________ to the Mediterranean and Europe. 8. Unusual __________________ conditions such as droughts, floods, extreme temperatures. 9. _____________________ 10. ________________ for plants Niche – One way organisms reduce competition for food and other _____________________ is to occupy a specific niche within a habitat. A niche is the special role an organism plays within its borders. Different species may share the ______________ habitat, but no two can have the same ________________. For example, deer, rabbits, and squirrels may live in the same leafy ______________, but because deer browse higher up on_____________, rabbits graze on ______________, and squirrels ________________ acorns, each animal occupies a different niche. Extinction – When all the organisms of a species ___________ the species goes extinct. Most extinction occurs due to a species not being able to adapt to _________________ in the limiting factors and environment. Throughout Earth’s history many instances of widespread extinction have occurred. Mass extinction are periods when many species of organisms died out at the _____________ time. These extinctions usually occurred when living things could not _____________ to sudden and severe changes in their environment. An example is the extinction of dinosaurs 65 million years ago.