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Chemistry Vocabulary 6, test on Friday, 10/14/16 actinide series - in the periodic table, the f-block elements from period 7 that follow the element actinium alkali metal - group 1 elements, except for hydrogen, they are reactive and usually exist as compounds with other elements alkaline earth metal - group 2 elements in the modern periodic table; highly reactive aufbau principle - states that each electron occupies the lowest energy orbital available electron configuration - the arrangement of electrons in an atom, which is prescribed by three rules: the aufbau principle, the Pauli exclusion principle, and Hund's rule electron-dot structure - consists of an element's symbol, representing the atomic nucleus and inner-level electrons, surrounded by dots representing the atom's valence electrons group - a vertical column of elements in the periodic table arranged in order of increasing number; also called a family halogen - a highly reactive group 17 element Hund's rule - states that single electrons with the same spin must occupy each equal-energy orbital before additional electrons with opposite spins can occupy the same orbitals inner transition metal - a type of group B element that is contained in the f-block of the periodic table and is characterized by a filled outermost orbital and filled or partially filled 4f and 5f orbitals lanthanide series - in the periodic table, the f-block elements from period 6 that follow the element lanthanum metal - an element that is solid at room temperature (except mercury), a good conductor of heat and electricity, and generally is shiny; most are ductile and malleable metalloid - an element that has physical and chemical properties of both metals and nonmetals Pauli exclusion principle - states that a maximum of two electrons can occupy a single atomic orbital, but only if the electrons have opposite spins quantum number - the number assigned to each orbit of an electron radiation - rays and particles--alpha and beta particles, gamma rays--that are emitted by radioactive materials radioactive decay - spontaneous process in which unstable nuclei lose energy by emitting radiation radioactivity - process in which some substances spontaneously emit radiation valence electrons - the electrons in an atom's outermost orbitals; these determine the chemical properties of an element wavelength - shortest distance between equivalent points on a continuous wave; is usually expressed in meters, centimeters or nanometers