Download Review of Basic Chemistry

Review of Basic Chemistry
A: Subatomic Particles
• Atoms are composed of protons, electrons, and
neutrons.
• Electrons carry a negative charge and move
around the nucleus.
• The nucleus is made up of positively charged
protons, and neutrons, which have no electrical
charge.
A: Subatomic Particles
Name
Charge
Symbol
Mass
1 amu
1/1837 amu
1 amu
1 amu = 1.67 x 10-24 g
Location
B: Structure of Atoms
• In a neutral atom, the number of proton
(atomic number) = the number of electrons.
• The mass number = # protons + # neutrons.
Bohr-Rutherford Diagram
• One way to show the structure of an atom (up
to atomic #20)
• Each electron orbital/shell can hold a certain
number of electrons:
1st orbital can hold up to 2 e- (inner most)
2nd orbital can hold up to 8 e3rd orbital can hold up to 8 e4th orbital can hold up to 2 e-
Bohr-Rutherford Diagram of a Fluorine Atom:
Practice Time
C: The Periodic Table
• The periodic table is made of three types of
elements:
1. Metals (give up electrons)
2. Non-metals (take electrons)
3. Metalloids (bit of both)
 boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony,
tellurium, polonium
C: The Periodic Table
A chemical group/family is a vertical column of elements
that have similar physical and chemical properties.
On the periodic table there are 18 vertical groups.
Column 1: alkali metals
Column 2: alkaline earth metals
Column 3-11: transition metals
Column 17: halogens
Column 18: noble gases/inert gas
Two Rows at Bottom: rare earth metals
Based only on atomic properties the Periodic Table
would look like this!
For convenience, we pull out the rare earths so the
Periodic Table looks like what we see
Periods
• Periods are horizontal rows of elements.
• The first period (row) contains 2 elements.
• The second period (row) contains 8 elements etc.
• The properties of an element gradually change across a
period.
• The size of an atom gets smaller as you move across a
period.
Valence Electrons
• Electrons that occupy the outermost orbital
are responsible for the chemical behavior of
the element.
D: Lewis Diagrams
• Lewis diagrams show the number of electrons
in the outermost orbit only.