Download Chapter 22 Study Guide Know the vocab How do the guard cells

Chapter 22 Study Guide
Know the vocab
How do the guard cells influence transpiration?
Guard cells open & close the stomata which controls transpiration
What is the difference between xylem & phloem including which is transported by
each?
Xylem2 types of cells: tracheids & vessel elements;
tracheidstubular, tapered cells; have pits through which H2O & dissolved minerals
flow
vessel elementstubular cells that transport H2O throughout plant; open at ea. end
most commonly found in anthophytes
transports materials away from the roots; transports H2O & dissolved minerals from
the roots to the rest of the plant
Phloemsieve tube members & companion cells
transports materials from the leaves & the stems to the roots & from the roots to
the leaves & stems; the main food carrying tissue
sieve tube membersno nucleus/ribosomes
companion cellsnucleated; help w/transport of sugars & other organic compounds
through sieve tube of phloem
What is the difference between tropism & nastic movement?
tropisminvolves growth; non-reversible; dependent on direction of stimulus
nastic movementdoes not involve growth; reversible; not dependent on direction of
stimulus
Draw and label a cross section of a leaf. Why is this arrangement important?
What are the functions of the root, stem, & leaf?
roots anchor the plant; absorb nutrients & H2O; & transport materials to & from the
stem
stemtransport H2O, dissolved minerals, & sugars; support; some photosynthesis
leafprimary function is photosynthesis
How is vascular tissue arranged in the roots & stems of monocots & dicots?
dicotsxylem forms a central star w/phloem b/t the points
monocotsxylem & phloem alternate in a ring shape
What is the importance of meristematic tissue?
plants continue to prod new cells in their meristematic tissues
meristems–>regions of rapidly dividing cells
apical meristems–>meristematic tissue found in roots & stems
prod cells=increase in length=primary growth
intercalary meristems–>found in 1/more locations along the stems of monocots
prod cells that result in an increase in stem/leaf length
lateral meristems–>increase root & stem diameter=secondary growth
only nonflowering seed plants & a few monocots have secondary growth
What are the plant hormones & what do they do?
auxinspromote cell elongation; indoleacetic acid occurs naturally
when levels decrease ripened fruits fall off the tree & some trees lose their leaves
gibberellinssimilar to auxinspromote cell growth
increase seed germination & bud development
cytokininsstimulate mitosis & cell division
stimulate production of proteins needed for cell division & mitosis
ethylene-->gas composed of carbon & hydrogen produced by fruits mainly; promotes
ripening