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Bones of the Axial Skeleton Skull – 22 bones (8 cranium 13 facial And mandible) Sutures: narrow joints/jagged line Sinuses: chambers within bones Of skull ( frontal bone Ethmoid Sphenoid 2 maxillary Lining=mucus membrane Sinusitis: inflammation FCN: 1. connect w/nasal cavity For drainage 2. reduce wgt of skull 3. resonate sound for voice Cranium: FCN: encloses and protects brain Attachment site muscles of scalp Lower jaw, neck and back Formed by 8 bones: 1. frontal bone: anterior bone of skull above eyes a. orbits= eye sockets b. supraorbital foramen: BV & N c. frontal sinuses: within frontal bone above each orbit 2. Parietal bones(2) a. Sagittal suture: where they meet b. Coronal suture: JCN with frontal bone 3. Occipital bone: forms posterior wall of and floor of cranium a. Lambdoidal suture: JCN of occipital and parietal bones b. Foramen magnum: large opening for spinal cord c. Occipital condyles: on either side of FM i. Site of articulation with atlas(first CV) 4. Temporal bones(2) a. Inferior to parietal bones b. Squamosal suture= JCN of P&T c. External auditory meatus:inferior margin d. Mandibular fossa: anterior to EAM Articulation for mandible e. zygomatic process: anterior extension which joins to zygomatic bone f. styloid process: pointy projection i. anchors muscles of tongue g. mastoid process: rounded projection inferior surface anchors muscles of neck Sphenoid Bone Bat shaped( as seen from looking down and into interior of cranium) Anterior wall of cranium Inferior lateral wall of cranium Anterior to temporal bone Optic foramen- for nerves that serve the eye Inferior and superior orbital fissures – BV and nerves *Sella turcica – the small depression, nook, to protect and house the pituitary gland Ethmoid bone Anterior to sphenoid Portion of orbital walls, posterior to lacrimal bones cribriform plate(cribrum =sieve) perforated for nasal nerves forms portion of anterior cranial floor *crista galli – from the cribriform for attachment of meninges of brain perpendicular plate – descends from cribriform forms most of nasal septum superior and middle nasal conchae – scroll like froms lateral sides of nasal conchae SINUSES Chambers within the bone Lined with mucous membrane Filled with air Sinuses (cont) Fcn: drains fluids from nasal cavity Reduce wgt of skull Resonate sound from voice Sinusitis – inflammation of mucous membrane in sinus Sinus headache – pressure from fluids in sinuses