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Do-First: 5 Silent Logistics • Backpacks on floor. • Writing Utensil and Notes only thing on your desk. • If you have a phone… • Text This message – @mrfullm • To This number – 281.769.3220 Academic • Answer the questions on the first slide of your handout. Do First: Answer the True and False Questions Below. • • • • T/F: I should be talking to my friend during the do first. T/F: My World Geography contract is due Wednesday. T/F: If I miss class I get to skip that days assignment. T/F: If I know I am going to miss school I should contact my teacher before hand. • T/F: The map on the back wall of the classroom is called a Robinson Projection. • Name as many country flags as you can from the wall and ceiling. The World of Geography The Five Themes Objective: SWBAT -Describe the components of the Five Themes of Geography by taking guided notes and completing select partner activities. What is Geography? *Geography is the study of land, cultures, interactions and movement of people on Earth. OR *Anything that can be mapped! *Geography mixes up the physical and human aspects of our world into one field of study. *Geography shows the relationship between people and the environment. How we study geography? Human Geography • Human Geography is anything human/man made. It includes population, culture, infrastructure, technology, development, etc. Physical Geography • Physical Geography relates to things found in nature such as: natural resources, bodies of water, climate, or landforms. Draw This off to the side: include a minimum of 3 examples each. -Human Made Features -Language -Religion -Political Systems -Economic Activities -Birthrates, death rates, immigration, population density, demography -Physical Features -Weather and Climate -Soil -Minerals -Vegetation -Animal Life -Erosion What is a geographer? • Someone who analyzes the Earth from many points of view. The Five Themes of Geography • There are five ways to look at the earth • When geographers work, they are guided by two basic questions: 1) Where are things located? 2) How does the human world and the physical world interact? To find these answers, geographers use five themes to organize information Things that geographers study: • • • • • • • • Demographics Landforms Culture Government Economies Environmental Interactions How the Earth and its people affect each other. CONNECTIONS! The Five Themes: 1) Location – Geographers begin to study a place by finding where it is, or its location. 2) Place – Geographers study the physical and human features of a location. 3) Human-Environment Interaction – Geographers study how people affect or shape physical characteristics of their natural surroundings and how does their surroundings (environment) affect them? 4) Movement – Helps explain how people, goods, and ideas get from one place to another. 5) Regions – Geographers compare the climate, land, population, or history of one place to another. Location • There are two ways to think about location: 1. absolute location – describes the place’s exact position on the Earth. 2. relative location – explains where a place is by describing places near it. Absolute Location: Big Ben, UK Relative Location: Big Ben, UK Across the river from the London Eye. Location • Write down the absolute location of your home. • Write three sentences describing your homes relative location in reference to MCHS. Practice: 5 Steps North South East West Blocks, Meters Place PA vs TX • This includes a location’s physical and human features. – To describe physical features, you might say that the climate is hot or cold or that the land is hilly. – To describe human features, you might discuss how many people live there, what types of work they do, or what they do for fun. Describe this place below: Use your notes from the previous slide to help you. You need two physical characteristics and two human characteristics. Do-First: 3 Minutes Logistics • Your World Geography Contract is due. If you did not turn it in yesterday you need to pass it up now. • Get your text book out and open it to the glossary page R20. Academic • Take your notes out from yesterday. Read through all of your notes up until the slide Human-Environment Interaction. • Then on your notes, next to the Human-Physical Geo Slide, write down the definition of Infrastructure from page R-20 on your notes. The World of Geography The Five Themes Objective: SWBAT -Describe the components of the Five Themes of Geography by taking guided notes and completing select partner activities. Human-Environment Interaction • How do people adjust to and change their environment? How does the environment adjust to and change the people? • Geographers also use interaction to study the consequences of people’s actions. Example 1 HE Interaction: Peru • I am a native Peruvian living at Machu Picchu below. The population of my city is 50,000. How do I farm here to feed everyone? Answer: Terraced Farming! Example 2 HE Interaction: Vietnam • I am a rice farmer living along the Mekong River that floods annually. How do I prevent my house flooding every year? Answer: Build your House on Stilts! IQP #1: Humans can adapt to challenges caused by the physical environment. Movement • Explains how people, goods, and ideas move from one place to another. • Helps geographers understand cultural changes. Earth 300 Million Years Ago. Use the theme of movement to help answer this question. Movement and HE Interaction Regions • A region has a unifying characteristic, like – climate – land – population – History – Religion – Language IQP#2: Most regions are generally defined by these three factors. • On maps, geographers use color and shape or special symbols to show regions. HINT: Which option unifies the area outlined in white. On your own. • Answer the practice questions in the back of your packet on your own. • Volume level 1….look to your left. • If you finish the questions early, open your textbook to page 5. Read pages 5-9. Do-First: 5 minutes silent Academic • Answer the multiple choice questions on the first two slides of your notes individually. • Take out colored pencils if you have them. Objective • SWBAT – Describe the different types of maps and map projections by taking guided notes and select mapping activities. Do-First Wednesday: Answer the following • Next Slide • STOP IQP #3: Maps help geographers determine relationships between people and places. The Geographer’s Tools • Globes and Maps: – As people explored the Earth, they collected information about it. – Mapmakers wanted to present this information correctly. – The best way was to put it on a globe, a roundDistribution ball that represented the Earth. Temperature Map – Because globes are not practical or easy to carry, flat maps were invented. – However, the Earth is round and a map is flat. – Mapmakers had to find ways to make maps accurate. Globes and Maps • The most accurate way to present information on the islands, continents, and bodies of water of the world is to put it all on a globe, a round ball like the Earth itself. • The only difference between a globe and the Earth itself is the scale, or size, represented on the globe. • Globes have a disadvantage: They cannot be complete enough to be useful and at the same time be small enough to be convenient. • Therefore, people invented flat maps. • Maps try to show the Earth, which is round, on a flat surface. • This causes distortion, or a change in accuracy of the shapes and distances of places. • It is impossible to show the Earth on a flat surface without some distortion. Getting It All On the Map: Projections The World: Mercator Projection • In 1569, a geographer named Gerardus Mercator created a flat map to help sailors navigate long journeys across the globe. • The Mercator projection, or method of putting a map of the Earth onto a flat piece of paper, is used by nearly all deep-sea navigators. • The Mercator projection is a conformal map, meaning that it shows correct shapes, but not true distances or sizes. • There are many types of other projections of the globe. The World: Three Projections Interrupted Projection IQP #4: The problem with all map projections is that they distort some part of the world! Robinson Projection There are many ways to show a globe on a flat map. The interrupted projection map, on the left, shows real sizes and shapes of continents. The Robinson Projection, below left, shows size accurately. The Mercator projection, below, shows land and oceans areas and correct directions accurately Mercator Projection The World: A Robinson IQP#5: The Robinson Projection is the most common Projection ARCTIC OCEAN type of map projection you will see. Southern Ocean The Parts of a Map Compass Rose • A compass rose is a model of a compass. It tells the cardinal directions, which are north, south, east, and west. Scale • The scale on a map tells you the relative distance on the map to the real world. For example, a map’s scale may tell you that one inch on the map equals one mile in the real world. The Parts of a Map Key • The key, or legend, on a map explains what the symbols on a map represent, such as triangles representing trees. Grids • Some maps use a grid of parallels and meridians. On a map of a small area, letters and numbers are often used to help you find your location. Most Common Types of Maps • Political • Physical • Thematic Political Maps Purpose -show governmental boundaries of countries, states and counties, and the location of major cities. -They usually include significant bodies of water. Physical Maps Purpose -Physical maps show the location of landforms like deserts, mountains, plains, and other physical features. -These landforms are not included on political maps. Thematic Maps Purpose -To emphasize a particular theme or special topic such as the average amount of rainfall in an area, population density, resources etc. -Thematic maps may have political borders and physical features. What type of map is it? WHY? What does is show? What type of map is it? WHY? What does it show? What type of map is it? WHY? What does it show? What type of map is it? WHY? What does is show? What type of map is it? WHY? What does it show? World Map- Textbook Atlas Page 6 and 17 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3uBcq1x7P34 Directions • next page. Label and Shade • the 7 continents and 5 • oceans. • • • Also locate and label the • following: • – Equator, Prime Meridian, Tropic of Cancer, Tropic of • • On the world map on the Capricorn Oceans: Shades of Blue N. America: Dark Green S. America: Pink Antarctica: Just Label Europe: Pink Australia: Orange Asia: Brown Africa: Light Green • Equator and Prime Meridian: Bolded Red • • • • • • Color Scheme • • • Oceans: Shades of Blue N. America: Dark Green S. America: Pink Antarctica: Just Label Europe: Pink Australia: Orange Asia: Brown Africa: Light Green • Equator and Prime Meridian: • OwlTeacher.com Bolded Red Tropic Lines Bolded Yellow SEVEN CONTINENTS SONG -The world is enormous, there are 7 continents. -The world is enormous, North and South America. -The world is enormous, Europe, Asia, Africa. Australia not one two times (Continent and Country!) Antarctica sing it again (repeat) Sing to the Tune of Gwen Stefani Do-First: 5 Minutes. Logistics Academic • You need one colored pencil. • Use latitude and longitude to • Use the world map on the first slide to identify the numbered continent/ocean. • Write that continent or ocean into the correct box on the second slide. identify major lines and locations on the global grid. Do-First • Test yourself…in the side margin of your notes number 1-12 and identify the worlds oceans and continents. Introduction to the Global Grid http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=swKBi6hHHMA • During the video define the following terms while including cardinal directions. Latitude Longitude Importance • Geographers have created two sets of imaginary lines to make it possible to identify every location precisely on Earth’s surface! • These lines, Latitude and Longitude form what we call “The Global Grid” Latitudes (The Belts of Earth) • Imaginary HOROZONTAL lines that run parallel across the Earth. • Referred to as Parallels • Lines of Latitude run east to west but measure how far North or South a location is from the Equator. • The Unit of Measurement is always the cardinal directions North or South. Equator IQP #6: The equator is always the starting point for determining latitude North and South! Equator BOLD THESE LINES Major Lines of Latitude NORTH Arctic Circle 66.5 North Tropic of CaNcer 23.5 North Equator 0 North/South Tropic of Capricorn 23.5 South Antarctic Circle 66.5 South SOUTH SHADE THIS AREA The Tropics Between Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn is referred to as the Tropics or the Low Latitudes This area is very hot year round Mid Latitude/Temperate Zone SHADE THIS AREA The area between the tropics and the arctic circles is referred to as the Temperate Zone or the Mid Latitudes This area will be mild and have four seasons Arctic/Antarctic Circles SHADE THIS AREA The areas above and below the Arctic Circle and Antarctic Circle are referred to as the High Latitudes. These areas will be cold year round and are the location of the Earth’s North and South Poles and the Earth’s ice caps Equator and the Hemispheres The Equator also divides the world in half. We refer to these halves as hemispheres ( half circles) The equator separates the world into the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere. Equator and the Hemispheres In which hemisphere is the majority of the worlds land mass located? Northern Hemisphere ______________________________________ Longitudes (The Telephone Poles of the Earth) • Imaginary VERTICLE lines that run up and down the Earth. • Referred to as Meridians • Lines of Longitude run North to South but measure how far East or West a location is from the Meridian. Prime • The Unit of Measurement is always the cardinal directions East and West Prime Meridian IQP #7: The Prime Meridian is always the starting point for determining Longitude East and West! Major Lines of Longitude Prime Meridian 0 East West The International Date Line 180 East West The International Date Line Monday __________ Sunday ____________ An imaginary line at 180 degrees East or West of the Prime Meridian on the Earth's surface that is internationally agreed upon as the place where each new calendar day begins. This line also gives us our time zones! Prime Meridian and the Hemispheres The Prime Meridian divides the world into two different halves than the Equator (North South) The Prime Meridian divides the world into the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. Prime Meridian and the Hemispheres Referencing the Prime Meridian, in which hemisphere is the United States located? Western Hemisphere ___________________________ This is why on the news the United States often gets referred to as the west! How Latitude and Longitude Form the Global Grid The Global Grid of Latitude and Longitude lines essentially forms a giant coordinate plane on Earth. We use this plane to determine specific locations on our planet. Each location has a set of Coordinates. These coordinates are found by finding a locations numerical latitude and cardinal direction first followed by a locations numerical longitude and cardinal direction second. Latitude N/S , Longitude E/W Part 1: Finding Coordinates Always start with finding Latitude using the Equator as a reference point. Then count degrees North or South away from the Equator. Point A is 30 Degrees South of the Equator. This is written like this (30 South,_______) A Part 2: Finding Coordinates We have point A latitude at 30 South. Next we need to determine longitude by using the Prime Meridian as a reference point. Then count degrees east or west. Point A is 60 West of the Prime Meridian. This is written like this (30 South, 60 West) A Part 3: Finding Coordinates Always Written as Follows (LATITUDE DIRECTION, LONGITUDE DIRECTION) Example: Houston, Texas (29 N, 95 W) Work Time • Use the map provided to • answer the 5 questions below. With a partner open one textbook to page A4/A5. • Use the coordinates provided to located each of the major cities. • Skip city 4, 10 and 15. • When finished located the cities, raise your hand and I will give you a key. • Then you need to read the article on the international date line.