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Example Items Physics 8 Physics 8 Example Items are a representative set of items for the ACP. Teachers may use this set of items along with the test blueprint as guides to prepare students for the ACP. On the last page, the correct answer and content SE is listed. The specific part of an SE that an Example Item measures is NOT necessarily the only part of the SE that is assessed on the ACP. None of these Example Items will appear on the ACP. Teachers may provide feedback regarding Example Items. (1) Download the Example Feedback Form and email it. The form is located on the homepage of Assessment.dallasisd.org. OR (2) To submit directly, click “Example Feedback” after you login to the Assessment website. Second Semester 2016–2017 Code #: 3181 STAAR STAAR PHYSICS RefeRenCe MATeRIAlS TM State of Texas Assessments of Academic Readiness fORCe AnD MOTIOn Average velocity = displacement v change in time avg final velocity − initial velocity Acceleration = 2 Acceleration = 2 (final velocity) − (initial velocity) Displacement = a = 2(displace ment) ( initial velocity )( Centripetal acceleration = ) ( change change 1 + (acceleration) in time in time 2 (tangential velocity) v f − vi a = change in time ) 2 ∆t v f2 − vi2 2∆d ∆d = vi∆t + 1 a∆t 2 2 2 ac = radius Net force = (mass)(acceleration) v t2 r Fnet = ma Work = (force)(distance) W = Fd τ Torque = (force)(lever arm) Power = = ∆d ∆t work time = Fr P = W t a2 + b2 = c 2 Pythagorean theorem GRAVITATIOnAl, eleCTRICAl, AnD MAGneTIC fORCeS Force of gravitational attraction between = 2 objects Force between = 2 charged particles ( ( universal gravitation constant Coulomb’s constant ( ) ( )( ( ( mass of 1st object mass of 2nd object ) distance between centers of objects charge of 1st particle )( charge of 2nd particle ) (distance between particles) Electrical power = (voltage)(current) Current = )( voltage resistance Equivalent resistance for resistors in series Equivalent resistance for resistors in parallel 2 ) 2 ) ) Fg = G ( ) Felectric = kC m1m2 d2 ( ) q1q2 d2 P = VI I = V R R = R1 + R2 + R3 + . . . 1 1 1 1 = + + + . . . R R1 R2 R3 STAAR PHYSICS RefeRenCe MATeRIAlS eneRGY AnD MOMenTUM Kinetic energy = 1 2 (mass)(velocity) 2 KE = 1 mv 2 2 ( )( Gravitational potential energy = (mass) Elastic potential energy = ( 1 spring 2 constant ) acceleration (height) due to gravity distance stretched or compressed ) PEg = mgh 2 PEelastic = 1 kx 2 2 Energy = (power)(time) E = Pt Work = change in kinetic energy W = ∆KE Mechanical energy = kinetic energy + potential energy ME = KE + PE Law of conservation of energy KEi + PEi = KE f + PE f Momentum = (mass)(velocity) p = mv Impulse = (force)(change in time) = (mass)(change in velocity) Law of conservation of momentum J = F ∆t = m∆v m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1 + m2v2 i ( specific Heat gained or lost = (mass) heat )( change in temperature ) i f f Q = mcp∆T WAVeS AnD lIGHT Velocity = (frequency)(wavelength) 1 Focal length Energy = 1 distance to image = (mass)(speed of light)2 + v = fλ 1 1 distance to object f = 1 di + 1 do E = mc 2 STAAR PHYSICS RefeRenCe MATeRIAlS COnSTAnTS AnD COnVeRSIOnS m s 8 c = speed of light = 3.00 × 10 m g = acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 s G = universal gravitation constant = 6.67 × 10 k c = Coulomb’s constant = 8.99 × 10 9 m = mass of Earth = 5.97 × 10 24 E 6 newton (N) = kg ⋅ m s 2 joule (J) = N ⋅ m watt (W) = J N⋅m = s s hertz (Hz) = cycle s −11 C kg N⋅m kg N⋅m r = radius of Earth = 6.37 × 10 m E 2 2 2 2 2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 (262) (267) Actinide Series Lanthanide Series 60 140.908 Cerium 90 89 144.242 (145) 61 Pm Hassium (270) Hs 108 190.23 Osmium Os 76 Ruthenium 101.07 44 Ru Iron 55.845 Fe 26 8 Silicon 28.086 Si 14 Pa 231.036 Protactinium Th 232.038 Thorium Ac (227) Actinium 91 U Uranium 238.029 92 Np Neptunium (237) 93 Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium 140.116 138.905 Nd 59 Lanthanum La Pr 58 Bohrium (271) Seaborgium (272) Bh (268) Sg 107 Rhenium 186.207 Re 75 Dubnium Db 106 183.84 Tungsten 180.948 Tantalum 74 W 105 (98) 43 Tc Manganese 54.938 Mn 25 7 7B Molybdenum Technetium 95.96 42 Mo Chromium 51.996 Cr 24 6 6B Ta 73 Niobium 92.906 41 Nb Vanadium 50.942 V 23 5 5B Atomic mass Symbol Atomic number Ce 57 Lawrencium Rutherfordium (226) Radium Fr Rf 104 103 (223) 88 87 Hafnium 178.49 Hf Lutetium 174.967 Francium Barium Cesium Lr 137.328 132.905 Lu 72 71 Ra Ba Cs 56 55 Zirconium 91.224 40 Zr Yttrium 88.906 87.62 Strontium 85.468 Rubidium Y 39 Sr 38 Rb 37 47.867 Titanium 44.956 Scandium 40.078 Calcium 39.098 Potassium 22 Ti 21 4 4B Sc 20 19 3 3B Ca Magnesium Sodium K Mg 24.305 Na 12 11 22.990 9.012 Beryllium 6.941 4 Be 2 2A Lithium Li 3 Hydrogen 1.008 H 1 1 1A PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS STAAR PHYSICS REFERENCE MATERIALS (281) Ds 110 Platinum 195.085 Pt 78 Palladium 106.42 46 Pd Nickel 58.693 Ni 28 10 (280) Rg 111 Gold 196.967 Au 79 Silver 107.868 47 Ag Copper 63.546 Cu 29 11 1B Pu Plutonium (244) 94 Samarium 150.36 62 Sm (247) Curium Americium Cm 96 (243) Am 95 157.25 Gadolinium 151.964 64 Gd Europium 63 Eu Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium (276) Mt 109 Iridium 192.217 Ir 77 Rhodium 102.906 45 Rh Cobalt 58.933 Co 27 9 8B Name Al Thallium 204.383 Tl 81 Indium 114.818 49 In Gallium 69.723 Ga 31 Aluminum 26.982 Si Lead 207.2 Pb 82 Tin 118.711 50 Sn Germanium 72.64 Ge 32 Silicon 28.086 14 Carbon 12.011 6 C 14 4A Bismuth 208.980 Bi 83 Antimony 121.760 51 Sb Arsenic 74.922 As 33 Phosphorus P 30.974 15 Nitrogen 14.007 7 N 15 5A Bk Berkelium (247) 97 Terbium 158.925 65 Tb Cf Californium (251) 98 Dysprosium 162.500 66 Dy Es Einsteinium (252) 99 Holmium 164.930 67 Ho Fm Fermium (257) 100 Erbium 167.259 68 Er Mass numbers in parentheses are those of the most stable or most common isotope. Mercury 200.59 Hg 80 Cadmium 112.412 48 Cd Zinc 65.38 Zn 30 12 2B 13 Boron 10.812 5 B 13 3A S Md Mendelevium (258) 101 Thulium 168.934 69 Tm Polonium (209) Po 84 Tellurium 127.60 52 Te Selenium 78.96 Se 34 Sulfur 32.066 16 Oxygen 15.999 8 O 16 6A Cl No 4.003 Ar Radon (222) 86 Rn Xenon 131.294 54 Xe Krypton 83.798 36 Kr Argon 39.948 18 Neon 20.180 10 Ne Helium Updated Spring 2011 Nobelium (259) 102 Ytterbium 173.055 70 Yb Astatine (210) At 85 Iodine 126.904 I 53 Bromine 79.904 Br 35 Chlorine 35.453 17 Fluorine 18.998 9 F 17 7A He 2 18 8A Page 1 of 6 EXAMPLE ITEMS Physics 8, Sem 2 1 2 Which wave characteristic is the same for all electromagnetic waves traveling through a vacuum? A Speed B Frequency C Wavelength D Amplitude A scientist examined the characteristics of sound waves during one of his experiments. He examined the five different situations shown. #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 – – – – – Sound Sound Sound Sound Sound transmitted transmitted transmitted transmitted transmitted through through through through through water. hot air. train tracks. outer space. cold air. Which list of situations is arranged in decreasing order (fastest to slowest) for the speed of sound? 3 A 4, 5, 2, 1, 3 B 3, 1, 5, 2, 4 C 4, 2, 5, 1, 3 D 3, 1, 2, 5, 4 The location of an image is shown. A B 2f C D E f f' 2f' Refracted image 3f' Considering refraction through a thin convex lens, where is the original object located to achieve this image? A Location A B Location B C Location C D Location D Dallas ISD - Example Items EXAMPLE ITEMS Physics 8, Sem 2 4 Page 2 of 6 How atoms emit their characteristic light is explained by Bohr’s model of the atom. According to the Bohr model, which process explains how atoms give off radiation that forms their characteristic spectra? 5 A Radiation is given off when electrons jump from a lower orbit to a higher orbit and photon energy equals E2 – E1. B Radiation is given off when electrons jump from a lower orbit to a higher orbit and photon energy is less than E2 – E1. C Radiation is given off when electrons jump from a higher orbit to a lower orbit and photon energy is greater than E2 – E1. D Radiation is given off when electrons jump from a higher orbit to a lower orbit and photon energy equals E2 – E1. The ammeter shows the current produced by a battery in a simple series circuit. If the voltage across the circuit is 10 V, what is the circuit’s resistance? A 0.5 Ω B 2.0 Ω C 10.0 Ω D 20.0 Ω Dallas ISD - Example Items EXAMPLE ITEMS Physics 8, Sem 2 6 7 8 9 10 Page 3 of 6 Convection occurs in — A gases only B liquids only C solids only D gases and liquids only What does the first law of thermodynamics say? A Entropy of an isolated system increases or remains the same. B Total energy of an isolated system is conserved. C Temperature of an object is a measure of the average kinetic energy of its molecules. D Total momentum of an isolated system is conserved. A wire loop is located in a magnetic field. When an electric current is made to flow through the loop, the loop rotates 90 degrees and then stops. This effect is the basis of what device? A Generator B Motor C Transformer D Resistor Which phenomenon can only be explained using the mass–energy equivalence equation, E = mc²? A Fusion of hydrogen nuclei in the sun B Attraction of electrons to the nucleus C Ionization energy required to remove an electron from an atom D Emission of a proton by an electron in an atom Which statement about wave propagation is correct? A Light waves move fastest through a diamond. B Radio waves move faster through glass than through air. C Sound waves move faster through air than through glass. D Electromagnetic waves move fastest through a vacuum. Dallas ISD - Example Items EXAMPLE ITEMS Physics 8, Sem 2 11 12 13 Page 4 of 6 Doppler radar can be used to determine the speed that a storm is approaching an observer. What measurable characteristic of waves is changed due to the Doppler effect to make this possible? A Amplitude B Interference C Frequency D Velocity During hot summer days, automobile tires, filled with air, sometimes burst. Tires bursting due to elevated temperatures is most likely caused by — A the tire walls becoming weaker during the summer B an increase in the average kinetic energy of the air molecules inside the tire C a decrease in the average kinetic energy of the air molecules inside the tire D a higher atmospheric pressure In the diagram shown, a charged object is touched to a metal sphere (Fig. A). The sphere acquires a negative charge (Fig. B), and the charge within the sphere quickly distributes itself uniformly throughout the sphere (Fig. C). The sphere represents an example of a(n) — A insulator B electromagnet C solenoid D conductor Dallas ISD - Example Items EXAMPLE ITEMS Physics 8, Sem 2 14 15 16 Page 5 of 6 White light is refracted as it passes from air into a glass prism, separating the colors that make up the original white light. This happens because — A all light travels at the same slower velocity in glass than in air B all light travels at the same faster velocity in glass than in air C different colors of light travel at different speeds in glass D red light travels faster in glass than in air A sound wave that is traveling through air has a wavelength of 3 meters, and a frequency of 114 Hz. If the wavelength is increased to 9 meters, what is the resulting frequency? The velocity of sound through air is 342 m/s. A 38 Hz B 114 Hz C 342 Hz D 1,026 Hz Photoelectrons are emitted from a metal surface when light shines on it. If the wavelength of the light is decreased, the — A number of electrons emitted will decrease B kinetic energy of the emitted electrons will decrease C number of electrons emitted will increase D kinetic energy of the emitted electrons will increase Dallas ISD - Example Items Page 6 of 6 EXAMPLE ITEMS Physics 8, Sem 2 0.4 m –0.4 m 17 6.0 m If the frequency ( f ) is 8.0 Hz, what is the wave’s speed in m/s? Record the answer and fill in the bubbles on the grid provided. Be sure to use the correct place value. Dallas ISD - Example Items EXAMPLE ITEMS Physics 8, Sem 2 Answer SE 1 A 7C -- 2 D 7C 3A 3 C 7E 2K 4 D 8B 2K 5 A 5F 2H, 2L 6 D 6F -- 7 B 6G -- 8 B 5G -- 9 A 8C -- 10 D 7A -- 11 C 7F -- 12 B 6E 2K, 3A 13 D 5E -- 14 C 7D -- 15 A 7B 2H, 2L 16 D 8A -- 17 16 7B -- Dallas ISD - Example Items Process Skills