Download English Business 2 Lecture 1

English Business 2
Lecture 1
Dea Adlina
Review
SUBJECT, VERB, COMPLEMENT &
MODIFIER
Subject, Verb, Complement & Modifier
• Subject: a person or a noun or an adjective that is
being discussed, described, or dealt with.
• Verb: a word used to describe an action, state, or
occurrence, and forming the main part of the predicate
of a sentence.
• Complement: a word, phrase or clause that is
necessary to complete the meaning of a given
expression
• Modifier: an optional element in phrase or clause
structure used to modify (change the meaning of)
another element in the structure, on which it is
dependent.
Subject
Noun (phrase) or pronoun
The tiny cat jumped outside our house.
A gerund (phrase)
Her excessive bragging was annoying.
A to-infinitive (phrase)
To sing is easier than to act.
A full that-clause
That he had won the war was known to
everyone.
A free relative clause
Wherever he went was always a
disaster.
A direct quotation
I love you is often heard these days.
Zero (but implied) subject
Open the door!
An expletive it
It is raining.
A cataphor it
It was known by everyone that he had
won the war.
Examples
1. Tress
grow
Subject
2. She
Verb
opened
her book
Verb
Complement
Subject
3. Henry and Marcia
Subject
4. George
Subject
5.
She
Subject
have visited
the president
Verb Phrase
Complement
is cooking
dinner
tonight
Verb Phrase
Complement
Modifier of Time
opened
Verb
a checking account
Complement
at the bank
last week
Modifier of Place
Modifier of Time
Review Verb Phrases
TWO WORD VERBS
Two word verbs
Phrasal verbs
• A verb and a preposition wivh together have a
special meaning.
– It is especially common in informal English
• Separable phrasal verbs
I handed in my paper yesterday.
I handed it in yesterday.
• Nonseparable phrasal verbs
I ran into an old friend yesterday.
Two word verbs
Phrasal verbs
Phrasal verbs
1. Put off
2. Drop by
3. Look up
4. Turn down
5. Take over
6. Hang up
Meaning
1. Postpone
2. Visit informally
3. Look for information
4. Decrease volume or
intensity OR Reject OR
Refuse
5. Take control
6. Conclude a telephone
conversation
and many more
Review Tenses
PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE
Present
Present
Subject + V1
Subject + Auxiliary Verb
+ V-ing
Present
Subject + have + V3
(Past Participle Form)
Subject + have been
+ V-ing
Past
Past
Subject + V2
Subject + was/were
+ V-ing
Past
Subject + had + V3
(Past Participle Form)
Subject + had been
+ V-ing
Future
Future
Subject + will / be
going to + V1
Subject + will / (aux)
going to + be + V-ing
Future
Subject + will have
+ V3
Subject
+ will have been
+ V-ing
Will or be going to?
Prediction
• According to the weather report, it will be / is going to be cloudy
tomorrow.
• Be careful! You’ll hurt yourself!
• Watch out! You’re going to hurt yourself!
Prior plan
A: Why did you buy this paint?
B: I’m going to paint my
bedroom tomorrow.
I talked to Bob yesterday. He is
tired of taking the bus to work.
He’s going to buy a car. That’s
what he told me.
Willingness
A: The phone’s ringing.
B: I’ll get it
A: I don’t understand this
problem.
B: Ask your teacher about it.
She’ll help you.
End of Lecture 1
English Business 2
Lecture 2
Dea Adlina
Review
ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
Adjectives
•
•
•
•
Used to modify/describe nouns.
Miriam is an intelligent student.
The children saw some beautiful pictures.
Grandma loves her fat old cat.
• An adjective is neither singular nor plural.
Final –s is never added.
Adjectives
• Number is an adjective
– She has two cars.
– This is a five-star hotel.
– Claude won the one-billion-dollar lottery.
Adverbs
• Used to modify verbs, adjectives, other
adverbs or the whole sentence and to express
time or frequency.
• To modify verbs:
– He walks quickly.
– She opened the door quietly.
Adverbs
• To modify adjectives:
– I am very happy.
– She is quite elegant.
Adverbs of
manner
• To modify other adverbs
– The soccer team played extremely badly last weekend.
Adverbs
• To modify the whole sentence
– Usually, Tom is never late.
– Bridgett is always on time.
– Ann will come tomorrow.
– Let’s go outside
Adverbs of
place
Adverbs of
frequency
Adverbs of
time
Adverbs
• commonly have a form of adjective + ly
adjective
adverb
dangerous
dangerously
careful
carefully
nice
nicely
horrible
horribly
easy
easily
electronic
electronically
• Some do not
adjective
adverb
good
well
fast
fast
hard
hard
Soft skill uploads
Commonly misused words
• Than, Then:
– Than is used to compare;
– Then tells when;
• That pizza is more than I can eat.
• Tom laughed, and then we recognized him.
Soft skill uploads
Confusingly Related Words
• Emigrate from, Immigrate to:
– Emigrate means to leave one country or region to
settle in another.
– Immigrate means to enter another country and
reside there.
• In 1900, my grandfather emigrated from Russia.
• Many Mexicans immigrate to the U.S. to find
work.
End of Lecture 2