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Metabolism • The sum of the processes within an organism • Living organisms are in a constant struggle to survive • All life processes require energy • Most commonly used for of energy is Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) • Most ATP in made in the mitochondria All biochemical pathways in your body Energy • Energy is used anytime work is performed • Climb a mountain • Car travels down the road • Link amino acids together • Pump sucrose across a membrane Many forms… • Chemical • Electrical • Mechanical • Light • Thermal Regardless of the form, energy exists in one of two states… • Kinetic Energy • Stored Energy Kinetic Energy • energy of motion • Performs work by making things move Potential Energy • stored energy • chemical potential/gravitational energy The First Law of Thermodynamics The total amount of energy in any closed system is constant. Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be converted from one form to another. If a physical system gains an amount of energy, another physical system must experience a loss of energy of the same amount. BOND ENERGY • A measure of the strength or stability of the covalent bond • Measured in KJ/mol (equal to amount of energy absorbed per mole when the bond between atoms is broken Important • Energy is absorbed when product bonds break and energy is released when product bonds form Question • How will this affect the net amount of energy absorbed or released in the overall reaction? Energy Diagrams… • the y-axis indicates the level of potential energy for the reactants before the reaction and the products after the reaction has occurred • If energy is released, the reaction is EXOTHERMIC • If energy is absorbed, the reaction is ENDOTHERMIC Bond energy and Potential energy have an inverse relationship • The weaker the bond, the higher the potential energy • The stronger the bond, the lower the potential energy Enthalpy (∆ H) This is calculated by using the following formula; ∆ H total = ∆ H final - ∆ H initial Exothermic Reaction have a - ∆ H Endothermic Reactions have a + ∆ H Hey, PROVE IT!!!