Download Lecture 11: Evolution 1. Review of Geology Genesis

Lecture 11: Evolution
1. Review of Geology
Genesis, Natural Theology, and Uniformity
Professor Ichthyosaurus and directionality
Thermodynamics and the age of the Earth
Deep Time and its implications
2. The Problem of Fossils and Extinction
Genesis
Early theories: Kircher, Steno, Hooke
Mastodons, Dinosaurs, and extinction
Cuvier: fixity of species, reality of extinction
3. Early Debates about Transmutation
Goethe, Romanticism, and formative pressure
Erasmus Darwin and English romanticism
Lamarck and inheritance of acquired characteristics
Reactions against transmutation
Segwick and Lyell
4. Darwin: Family and Education
Darwins and Wedgwoods
Edinburgh: medical training and radical marine biology
Cambridge: theology, Paley, and Whewell
Geology: Sedgwick’s survey of Wales
5. Darwin: H.M.S. Beagle
The mission
Plankton, Paley, and Life’s purpose
Cape Verde, Lyell, and Uniformitarianism
Brazil, Patagonia, and Tierra del Fuego
Chile, volcanoes, and earthquakes
The Galapagos: nearly missing the crucial observations
Australia and its marsupials
6. Darwin: The Path to Origin of Species
Gentleman geologist
Early suspicions and radicalism
Malthus and natural selection
The great delay, 1839-1859
Wallace and simultaneous discovery
Atheism and Romanticism
Further Reading:
Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, 1859.
Adrian Desmond and James Moore, Darwin: The Life of a Tormented
Evolutionist, 1991.
Names and Dates:
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832)
Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859)
Georges Cuvier (1769-1832)
Jean Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829), Zoological Philosophy (1809)
Erasmus Darwin (1731-1802), Zoonomia, or the Laws of Organic Life (17941795)
William Paley (1743-1805), Natural Theology (1802)
Thomas Malthus (1766-1834), Essay on the Principle of Population (1798)
Robert Chambers (1802-1871), Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation (1844)
Philip Henry Gosse (1810-1888), Omphalos: An Attempt to Untie the Geological
Knot (1857)
Robert Fitzroy (1805-1865), H.M.S. Beagle
Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913)
Bishop Samuel Wilberforce (1805-1873)
Major Works of Charles Darwin:
Journal of Researches into the Geology and Natural History of the Various
Countries Visited by H.M.S. Beagle (1839)
The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs (1842)
Geological Observations on the Volcanic Islands, Visited during the Voyage of
H.M.S. Beagle (1844)
Geological Observations on South America (1846)
A Monograph on the Fossil Lepadidae, or, Pedunculated Cirripedes of Great
Britain (1851)
A Monograph on the Sub-Class Cirripedia, 2 vol. (1851–54)
A Monograph on the Fossil Balanidae and Verrucidae of Great Britain (1854)
On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of
Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (1859)
On the Various Contrivances by which British and Foreign Orchids are Fertilised
by Insects (1862)
The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication, 2 vol. (1868)
The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, 2 vol. (1871)
The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872)
Insectivorous Plants (1875)
The Movements and Habits of Climbing Plants (1875)
The Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom (1876)
The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species (1877)
The Power of Movement in Plants (1880)
The Formation of Vegetable Mould, through the Action of Worms, with
Observations on Their Habits (1881)