Download a rock is - MR. TRAN @ JWG

A NATURALLY OCCURING
INORGANIC SOLID THAT IS
COMPOSED OF ONE OR MORE
ELEMENTS.
 MINERALS HAVE A DEFINATE
FORMULA & A DEFINATE
CRYSTALINE STRUCTURE

A NATURALLY OCCURING
MIXTURE OF MINERALS,
MINERALOIDS, GLASS,
ORGANIC MATTER, AND
INORGANIC MATTER
 ROCKS MAKE UP A
SIGNIFICANT PART OF THE
EARTH’ CRUST
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“IGNIS” = LATIN FOR FIRE
FORMED FROM THE CRYSTALIZATION OF MAGMA OR
LAVA
ROCKS MELT WHEN THEY ARE BURIED DEEP IN THE
EARTH DUE TO HIGH PRESSURE & TEMPURATURE
(MAGMA / LAVA)
THE MOLTEN ROCK FLOWS UPWARDS OR CAN BE
SPEWED OUT THROUGH VOLCANOES
WHEN LAVA / MAGMA COOLS, IGNEOUS ROCKS ARE
FORMED
THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF IGNEOUS ROCKS
 EXTRUSIVE
 INTRUSIVE
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AKA: VOLCANIC
PRODUCED WHEN MAGMA
FLOWS ON TO THE EARTH’S
SURFACE AND SOLIDIFIES
 MAGMA ABOVE THE EARTH’S
SURFACE COOLS VERY QUICKLY
AND FINE GRAINED ROCKS ARE
FORMED
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AKA: PLUTONIC
PRODUCED WHEN MAGMA FLOWS
UP BUT TO A DEPTH BELOW THE
EARTH’S SURFACE AND SOLIDIFIES
 MAGMA BELOW THE EARTH’S
SURFACE COOLS VERY SLOWLY
AND COARSE GRAINED ROCKS
ARE FORMED
http://www.classzone.com
/books/earth_science/terc
/content/investigations/e
s0602/es0602page02_popu
p1.cfm
Basalt
Granite
1. Dark color
2. High specific gravity
3. Fine grained
1. Light color
2. Low specific gravity
4. Forms at the surface,
principally in the ocean basins,
but also in isolated "hot spots"
on the continents.
3. Coarse grained
4. Forms on the continents
deep underground
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ROCKS FORMED NEAR THE
EARTH’S SURFACE DUE TO
WEATHERING, EROSION,
TRANSPORTATION, AND
DEPOSITION
GENERALLY STRATIFIED, FINE
GRAINED, AND CONTAIN
FRAGMENTS OF OTHER ROCKS
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SEDIMENT = LOOSE PARTICULATE
MATERIAL (SAND, GRAVEL, CLAY,
DIRT, ETC.)
SEDIMENTS BECOME
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS BY THE
PROCESS OF LITHIFICATION


COMPACTION
CEMENTATION
 WHEN
A LOT OF
SEDIMENTS BUILD UP IN
ONE AREA, THE LARGE
MASS OF SEDIMENTS PRESS
DOWN ON PREXISTING
SEDIMENT FORMATION

WHEN THE COMPACTED
SEDIMENTS SETTLE,
MINERALS FLOW IN
BETWEEN THE VERY SMALL
CRACKS AND CREVES’ AND
BIND THE SEDIMENTS
TOGETHER
http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_s
cience/terc/content/investigations/es06
02/es0602page02_popup4.cfm
http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_s
cience/terc/content/investigations/es06
02/es0602page02_popup5.cfm
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MECHANICALLY FORMED
 formed by compression & cementation of
sediments deposited over a long periods in the
sea
ORGANICALLY FORMED
 formed by compression & cementation of plants
& animal remains
CHEMICALLY FORMED
 formed when water has evaporated from
solutions which contain minerals
Narracoorte Caves, southeastern SA
Stalactites (of mineral calcite). Biochemical and
inorganic sedimentary limestone rocks.
The Queen’s Throne- Utah
http://www.uh.edu/~jbutler/physical/chapter7.html
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Headland in Tasman Peninsula
The sandstone was formed
from sandy river deposits,
a relatively high energy
environment.
After consolidation into
rock these beds were
gently uplifted, remaining
almost horizontal.
Cliff reveals layers which
vary slightly in hardness
and reflect variations in
original conditions
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The Ayers Rock is made
up of arkose, a coursegrained sandstone rich
in feldspar at least 2.5
km thick. Uplifting and
folding between 400-300
mya turned the
sedimentary layers
nearly 90 degrees to
their present position.
The surface has then
been eroded.
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“META” = GREEK FOR CHANGE
“MORPHOSIS” = GREEK FOR FORM
ROCKS THAT ARE SUBJECTED TO
EXTREME PRESSURE AND
TEMPERATURE WILL CHANGE AND
BECOME METAMORPHIC ROCKS
THE ROCKS DO NOT MELT, THEY ARE
CHANGED AND BECOME DENSER AND
MORE COMPACT
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BECAUSE OF THE INTENSE HEAT
AND PRESSURE, NEW MINERALS
CAN BE CREATED BY THE MIXING
OF MINERALS UNDER THESE
EXTREME CONDITIONS
FLUIDS MAY ALSO ENTER THE
ROCKS AND REACT WITH THEM
TO FORM NEW ROCKS
http://www.classzone.com/
books/earth_science/terc/
content/investigations/es0
602/es0602page02_popup6
.cfm
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FOLIATED
 OCCURS WHEN MINERAL GRAINS
ARE FLATTENED AND LINE UP IN
PARALLEL BANDS
NON-FOLIATED
 OCCURS WHEN NO BANDS ARE
FORMED
Slate is a fine grained metamorphic
rock. Created by minor metamorphism
of shale or mudstone. Rock is
characterized by the foliation of its
mineral grains which causes it to have
cleavage that is parallel.
Gneiss is a coarse grained
metamorphized igneous rock. In this
rock, you get the recrystallization and
foliation of quartz, feldspars, micas, and
amphiboles into alternating light and
dark colored bands.
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BENEATH THE EARTH WHERE MAGMA
INTRUDES WITH RELETIVLY COOLER
ROCKS
NEAR MOUNTAIN RANGES
WHEN HOT WATER INTRUDES ROCKS
WHEN A METEORITE COLLIDES WITH
THE EARTH (RARE)
WHEN LIGHTNING STRIKES A ROCK
(RARE)