Download Global incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma

NHL 07
Global incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma: both sexes, all ages.
Estimated age-standardized incidence rate per 100,000.
The incidence of non-Hodgkin
lymphoma (NHL) varies by geographic
region. The areas with the highest
incidence of NHL are North America,
Europe, and Australasia, as well as
several countries in Africa and
South America.
Source Globocan (2011) Graphs and maps. http://globocan.iarc.fr/ (URL accessed 20.02.12).
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<4.1
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<16.6
Contents
Overview
Section 1 Breast Cancer
Section 2 Epidemiology
Section 3 Treatment
Section 4 Avastin® (bevacizumab) and breast cancer
References
Section 2
Epidemiology
i. Incidence and mortality
Worldwide: Globally, over one million
women are diagnosed with breast cancer
every year.1 It is the most frequently
diagnosed cancer in women1 and the
leading cause of cancer death in women.2
Every year more than 500,000 women die
from the disease.2
Europe: In Europe over 400,000 women
are diagnosed with breast cancer every
year and 120,000 women die from the
disease. Breast cancer is the most
frequently diagnosed cancer in Europe
and the leading cause of cancer death in
European women.10 It accounts for 17% of
female cancer deaths in this region.10
Figure 4 Incidence and mortality of some of the most common cancers worldwide
Breast
of all new cancer cases
in North America are
breast cancer
of all new cancer cases
in Central America are
breast cancer
27%
571,204
288,654
27%
of all new cancer
cases in South America
are breast cancer
Colorectum
515,999
427,586
Lung
348,571
273,489
224,747
140,163
Ovary
Every year more than 500,000
women die from breast cancer worldwide
of all new cancer
cases in Europe
are breast cancer
19%
of all new cancer cases
in Asia are breast cancer
25%
of all new cancer
cases in Africa
are breast cancer
Across the world over one million
women are diagnosed with breast cancer
every year
28%
of all new cancer cases in
Australia & New Zealand
are breast cancer
Source: WHO GLOBOCAN 2008
Stomach
226,312
217,302
28%
19%
1,384,155
458,503
Figure 5 The global impact of breast cancer
Liver
Incidence and mortality of
some of the most common
cancers for women worldwide
Source WHO GLOBOCAN 2008
North America: Over 200,000 women
are diagnosed with breast cancer every
year in North America.11 Breast cancer is
the second most deadly form of cancer in
North American women after lung; it kills
over 45,000 women a year,11 representing
almost 15% of female cancer deaths in
North America.
7/ 12
Contents
Overview
Section 1 Breast Cancer
Section 2 Epidemiology
Section 3 Treatment
Section 4 Avastin® (bevacizumab) and breast cancer
References
Section 2
Epidemiology
i. Incidence and mortality
Worldwide: Globally, over one million
women are diagnosed with breast cancer
every year.1 It is the most frequently
diagnosed cancer in women1 and the
leading cause of cancer death in women.2
Every year more than 500,000 women die
from the disease.2
Europe: In Europe over 400,000 women
are diagnosed with breast cancer every
year and 120,000 women die from the
disease. Breast cancer is the most
frequently diagnosed cancer in Europe
and the leading cause of cancer death in
European women.10 It accounts for 17% of
female cancer deaths in this region.10
Figure 4 Incidence and mortality of some of the most common cancers worldwide
Breast
of all new cancer cases
in North America are
breast cancer
of all new cancer cases
in Central America are
breast cancer
27%
571,204
288,654
27%
of all new cancer
cases in South America
are breast cancer
Colorectum
515,999
427,586
Lung
348,571
273,489
224,747
140,163
Ovary
Every year more than 500,000
women die from breast cancer worldwide
of all new cancer
cases in Europe
are breast cancer
19%
of all new cancer cases
in Asia are breast cancer
25%
of all new cancer
cases in Africa
are breast cancer
Across the world over one million
women are diagnosed with breast cancer
every year
28%
of all new cancer cases in
Australia & New Zealand
are breast cancer
Source: WHO GLOBOCAN 2008
Stomach
226,312
217,302
28%
19%
1,384,155
458,503
Figure 5 The global impact of breast cancer
Liver
Incidence and mortality of
some of the most common
cancers for women worldwide
Source WHO GLOBOCAN 2008
North America: Over 200,000 women
are diagnosed with breast cancer every
year in North America.11 Breast cancer is
the second most deadly form of cancer in
North American women after lung; it kills
over 45,000 women a year,11 representing
almost 15% of female cancer deaths in
North America.
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CLL06
Global incidence of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Leukemia: both sexes, all ages.
Estimated age-standardized incidence rate.
The incidence of chronic lymphocytic
leukemia (CLL) varies by geographic
region. The areas with the highest
incidence of CLL are North America,
Europe and Australasia.
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Source Globocan (2011) Graphs and maps. http://globocan.iarc.fr/ (URL accessed on 20.02.12).
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<11.9
Contents
Overview
Section 1 Lung Cancer
Section 2 Epidemiology
Section 3 Treatment
Section 4 Avastin® (bevacizumab) and NSCLC
References
Section 2
Epidemiology
i. Incidence & mortality
Lung cancer is the most common type of
cancer worldwide (accounting for 16.5%
of all cancers), and is responsible for
the greatest number of cancer deaths
worldwide.1
Worldwide
• 1.6 million new cases of lung cancer are
diagnosed every year.1
• It is the most common cancer in men,
and the third most common cancer
in women in both developed and
developing countries.8
• Lung cancer is the leading cause of
cancer mortality and is responsible for
1.38 million deaths each year.1
• Each day, more than 3,000 people die
from lung cancer worldwide, equal to two
deaths every minute.2
• Almost half of the diagnosed cases
of lung cancer occur in developing
countries (49.9%), with the incidence
generally being lower in women (globally,
12.1 per 100,000 women compared to
35.5 per 100,000 in men).
2000 where it accounts for an average of
20.3% of all cancer deaths.8
Figure 3 Lung cancer incidence by region
North America
Central & South America
1.38
Europe
million deaths
from lung cancer
every year
1.6
Asia
Africa
million new
cases of lung
cancer every year
Australia & New Zealand
85%
Accounts for 28.4% of all
cancer deaths in North America
of cases are
non-small cell
lung cancer
Accounts for an average of 20.3%
of all cancer deaths in Europe
28.4%
20.3%
16.3%
Accounts for an average of
11.6% of all cancer deaths
in South and Central America
11.6%
Accounts for an
average of 9%
of cancer deaths
in Southern and
Northern Africa
Accounts for an average
of 16.3% of all cancer
deaths in Eastern, South
Eastern, South Central
and Western Asia
9%
Accounts for an average of 22.4%
of all cancer deaths in Australia,
New Zealand and Micronesia
22.4%
Parkin MD et al. Global Cancer Statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J Clin 2005; 55:74-108
Allen J et al. Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Stage III NSCLC J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2008 6 (3):285-93
Garcia M, et al. Global Cancer Facts & Figures 2007. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society, 2007
*Developed countries defined as Europe, Japan,
Australia, New Zealand and North America.
Developing countries defined as Africa, Latin
America and the Caribbean, Asia, Micronesia,
Polynesia and Melanesia
Europe Lung cancer is the leading cause of
cancer related death in Europe, accounting
for 18.9% of all cancer deaths in Western
Europe and 21.1% of all cancer deaths in
Northern Europe.8 Approximately 375,000
cases were attributed to lung cancer in
The average estimated age-standardised
incidence per 100,000 population was 71.8
for men and 21.7 for women, across the
European Union (25-member states), in
2006.8
North America and Canada Lung cancer
is the most common cause of cancer death
in North America, accounting for 28.4%
of all cancer deaths, and is the third most
common type of new cancer cases (14.5%)
in this region. North America has one of
the highest lung cancer incidence rates for
men and women with approximately 1.75
million new cancer cases and deaths in
2007.8
South and Central America Lung cancer
is the most common cause of cancer death
in South and Central America (accounting
for 12% and 11.6% of all cancer deaths,
respectively).8
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NHL 09a
Comparing the 5 year survival rate of patients with follicular
lymphoma – a common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
The average 5 year survival rate for
follicular lymphoma patients with
0-1 risk factors
The average 5 year survival rate for
follicular lymphoma patients with
2 risk factors
The average 5 year survival rate for
follicular lymphoma patients with
3 or more risk factors
Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) risk factors:
• age 60+
• Ann Arbor stage III/IV
• LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) > upper limit of normal
• hemoglobin < 12g/dL
• ≥ 5 nodal sites of disease
Source NHL Cyberfamily (2012) Treatment Options
http://www.nhlcyberfamily.org/outcomes.htm#ipi (URL accessed on 20.02.12).
Survival
Mortality
NHL 09b
Comparing the 5 year survival rate of patients with diffuse large
B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) – a common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
The average 5 year survival
rate for DLBCL patients with
0-1 risk factors
The average 5 year survival
rate for DLBCL patients with
2 risk factors
The average 5 year survival
rate for DLBCL patients with
3 risk factors
The average 5 year survival
rate for DLBCL patients with
4-5 risk factors
International Prognostic Index (IPI) risk factors:
• age 60+
• Ann Arbor stage III/IV
• serum LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) > 1 x reference range
• performance status ≥ 2
• >1 extranodal site
Source The International Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Prognostic Factors Project (1993). NEJM 329 (14): 987-994.
Survival
Mortality
Contents
Overview
Section 1 Breast Cancer
Section 2 Epidemiology
Section 3 Treatment
ii. Lifetime risk of breast iii. Prognosis
cancer
Cancer statistics often use an ‘overall 5
On average one in eight women will
develop breast cancer in their lifetime.
This is double the risk of developing lung
cancer, the second most common cancer
in women.12, 13
Figure 6 Lifetime risk of common female cancers
On average one in eight women will
develop breast cancer at some time
in their lives
year survival rate’ to give a better idea of
the longer term outlook for people with a
particular cancer. It is almost impossible
to predict how long an individual patient
might live, but 5 year survival rates can give
an approximate range. The 5 year survival
rate describes on average the ‘amount’
of people that will be alive 5 years after
diagnosis. The average 5 year survival rate
for women with early stage breast cancer
is 81%.3 However, on average only 35% of
women with late or advanced stage breast
cancer currently survive for 5 years.3
Section 4 Avastin® (bevacizumab) and breast cancer
References
Figure 7 Five year survival rates for breast cancer by stage
The average five year survival rate
for early stage breast cancer is 81%
The average five year survival rate for later
or advanced stage breast cancer is 35%
Source American Cancer Society. These numbers come from the National Cancer Data Base, and are based on people who were diagnosed with breast cancer in 2001 and 2002.
Early stage disease was assumed to include stages 0-IIIA; later or advanced stage disease was assumed to include stages IIIB-IV.
Breast Cancer
Lung Cancer
Ovarian Cancer
This is compared to a risk of 1 in 16 of developing lung cancer
and 1 in 71 of developing ovarian cancer
Source American Cancer Society
8/ 12
Contents
Overview
Section 1 Ovarian Cancer
Section 2 Epidemiology
Section 3 Treatment
Section 4 Avastin® (bevacizumab) and ovarian cancer
References
Section 2
Epidemiology
i. Incidence & mortality
Worldwide Ovarian cancer is diagnosed
in nearly a quarter of a million women each
year. It is the eighth most common cancer
in women and the seventh leading cause of
cancer death among women, responsible
for approximately 140,000 deaths each
year. These figures confirm that globally,
ovarian cancer is the most deadly of the
gynaecological cancers.1
Europe In 2008, there were approximately
41,448 deaths from ovarian cancer across
Europe, accounting for 5.5% of all female
cancer deaths. Europeans have the highest
incidence of ovarian cancer and it is the
fifth most commonly diagnosed female
cancer in Europe.1
Figure 3 Age standardised mortality rate for ovarian cancer
Over 220,000 new cases
of ovarian cancer every year
140,000 women die
each year from the disease
North America Ovarian cancer is the
eighth most commonly diagnosed cancer
in women in North America with 23,895
new cases diagnosed in 2008. It accounts
for 3% of female cancer diagnoses but
5.6% of female cancer deaths in North
America.1
3<
4<
5<
Age Standardised Rate ASR
Source: WHO GLOBOCAN 2008
Figure 4 Annual incidence and mortality rates of female cancers worldwide
Cancer Incidence vs Cancer Mortality
Uterus
288,387
73,854
Breast
1,384,155
458,503
Cervix
530,232
275,008
Ovary
224,747
140,163
Source: WHO GLOBOCAN 2008
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Contents
Overview
Section 1 Ovarian Cancer
ii. Prognosis
Cancer statistics often use an ‘overall
5-year survival rate’ to give a better idea
of the longer term outlook for people with
a particular cancer. Over half of women
diagnosed with ovarian cancer will not
live beyond five years.6 The overall 5-year
survival rate for women with ovarian cancer
is 45%. This compares to a 5-year survival
rate of up to 89% in women diagnosed
with breast cancer.6, 7 The reasons for this
poor prognosis are that there is no effective
screening for ovarian cancer and symptoms
can be ambiguous, leading to a high
percentage of cases being diagnosed at an
advanced stage when the disease is more
difficult to treat.
Section 2 Epidemiology
Section 3 Treatment
Section 4 Avastin® (bevacizumab) and ovarian cancer
References
Figure 5 5-year survival rate of ovarian cancer vs. breast cancer
The overall 5-year survival rate for
patients with ovarian cancer is 45%
The 5-year survival rate for patients
with breast cancer is up to 89%
Source: American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts and Figures 2007.
Atlanta, American Cancer Society 2007.
Source: American Cancer Society. Breast Cancer Facts and Figures 2009-2010.
Atlanta, American Cancer Society, Inc.
8/ 13
Contents
Overview
Section 1 Colorectal cancer
Section 2 Epidemiology
Section 3 Treatment
Section 4 Avastin® (bevacizumab) and colorectal cancer
References
Section 2
Epidemiology
i. Incidence & mortality
Worldwide
Colorectal cancer is diagnosed in over 1.2
million people globally each year; it is the
second most common cancer in women
and the third most common cancer in men.
The disease is responsible for approximately
609,000 deaths each year (8% of all cancer
deaths),1 making it the fourth leading cause
of cancer death after lung, stomach and
liver cancers.
Europe Colorectal cancer is the
most common cancer in Europe, with
approximately 430,000 new cases each
Figure 3 Colorectal deaths by region, as a percentage of the incidence of all cancers
year;1 the highest incidence rate of
colorectal cancer in the world. It is also the
second greatest cause of cancer death in
Europe following lung cancer, accounting
for 12% of all cancer deaths.
North America There were approximately
177,000 new cases of colorectal cancer
in North America in 2008, making it the
second most commonly diagnosed cancer
in the region. Colorectal cancer accounted
for 11% of all cancer incidence and 9% of
all cancer deaths in North America in the
same year.1
Figure 4 Incidence and mortality of some of the most common cancers worldwide
1.2 million
new cases each year
Breast
1,384,155
458,503
Prostate
899,102
258,133
Lung
1,092,056
948,993
515,999
427,586
12.8% of all
cancer deaths in
Australia & New Zealand
Colorectal
663,904
571,204
320,397
5.3% of all
cancer deaths
in Africa
Incidence and mortality of
some of the most common
cancers worldwide
288,654
Stomach
640,031
4th leading cause
348,571
273,489
463,930
of cancer death globally
Male incidence
Male mortality
Female incidence
mortality
Liver
8%
Responsible for
of all cancer deaths
12.8% of all
cancer deaths in
Australia & New Zealand
523,432
478,134
226,312
217,592
Source WHO IARC GLOBOCAN, Cancer incidence and Mortality Worldwide in 2008 at http://globocan.iarc.fr/
Source WHO IARC GLOBOCAN, Cancer incidence and Mortality Worldwide in 2008 at http://globocan.iarc.fr/
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Contents
Overview
Section 1 Lung Cancer
Prognosis
Section 2 Epidemiology
Section 3 Treatment
Section 4 Avastin® (bevacizumab) and NSCLC
References
Figure 2 Lung cancer average 5 year survival rates depending on stage at diagnosis
Cancer statistics often use an ‘overall
5-year survival rate’ to give a better idea of
the longer term outlook for people with a
particular cancer. Five year survival rates
for lung cancer are poor when compared to
other high incidence cancers. For example,
the five year survival rate for patients with
breast cancer is up to 89%.3 For lung cancer
patients that figure is only around 15%.4
Average 5 year survival rates at Stage I NSCLC: 58%
Average 5 year survival rates at Stage IV NSCLC: 7.5%
Cancer Research UK: http://www.cancerhelp.org.uk/type/lung-cancer/treatment/statistics-and-outlook-for-lung-cancer#nonsmall
8/ 14
Contents
Overview
Section 1 Colorectal cancer
ii. Prognosis
Cancer statistics often use an ‘overall
5-year survival rate’ to give a better idea of
the longer term outlook for people with a
particular cancer. The overall 5-year survival
rate for colorectal cancer patients is 65%,17
although this differs greatly depending on
how advanced the cancer is.
The 5-year survival rate for a patient
diagnosed with stage I or II colorectal
cancer, where the tumour is localised to
the colon, is up to 90%. Approximately
two fifths of patients are diagnosed at this
stage. However the 5-year survival rate for
patients diagnosed with stage IV disease,
once the cancer has metastasised to other
organs, is only 12%.17
Section 2 Epidemiology
Section 3 Treatment
Section 4 Avastin® (bevacizumab) and colorectal cancer
References
Figure 5 Incidence and mortality of some of the most common cancers worldwide
Colorectal cancer average 5-year survival rate depending on stage of diagnosis
5-year survival rates for
early-stage CRC: up to 90%
5-year survival rates for
later-stage CRC: 12%
Source Altekruse SF et al. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2007, National Cancer Institute. http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2007/
Survivors Fatalities
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Contents
Overview
Section 1 Ovarian Cancer
ii. Prognosis
Cancer statistics often use an ‘overall
5-year survival rate’ to give a better idea
of the longer term outlook for people with
a particular cancer. Over half of women
diagnosed with ovarian cancer will not
live beyond five years.6 The overall 5-year
survival rate for women with ovarian cancer
is 45%. This compares to a 5-year survival
rate of up to 89% in women diagnosed
with breast cancer.6, 7 The reasons for this
poor prognosis are that there is no effective
screening for ovarian cancer and symptoms
can be ambiguous, leading to a high
percentage of cases being diagnosed at an
advanced stage when the disease is more
difficult to treat.
Section 2 Epidemiology
Section 3 Treatment
Section 4 Avastin® (bevacizumab) and ovarian cancer
References
Figure 5 5-year survival rate of ovarian cancer vs. breast cancer
The overall 5-year survival rate for
patients with ovarian cancer is 45%
The 5-year survival rate for patients
with breast cancer is up to 89%
Source: American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts and Figures 2007.
Atlanta, American Cancer Society 2007.
Source: American Cancer Society. Breast Cancer Facts and Figures 2009-2010.
Atlanta, American Cancer Society, Inc.
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