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ONLINE CE COURSE FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA
Learning Objectives
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register:
Phone: +1-706-542-3537 or
800-811-6640 (toll free in the USA)
Fax: +1-706-583-0180
Email: [email protected]
Lesson 1 — Introduction to Pharmacokinetics
Upon completion of this lesson, you should be able to:
• Describe the concept of tolerance.
• Briefly describe the process of therapeutic drug monitoring.
• Recognize organs/tissues that constitute the Central and Peripheral compartments.
• Calculate a patient’s volume of distribution for a drug from the dose administered
and the plasma concentration achieved from that dose.
• Define elimination rate.
Lesson 2 — Basic Pharmacokinetics
Upon completion of this lesson, you should be able to:
• Describe the concept of volume of distribution of a drug.
• Describe the concept of clearance.
• Describe first and zero order elimination processes.
• Identify common antimicrobial agents that follow first order elimination.
• Identify the general equation for calculating volume of distribution.
Lesson 3 — Half-Life, Elimination Rate Constant and AUC
Upon completion of this lesson, you should be able to:
• Recognize the components of the natural log of plasma concentration versus time
curve.
• Identify the general equation for calculating a drug’s half-life.
• Describe how AUC is related to drug dose and clearance.
• Identify the basic equation for calculating clearance.
• Identify the equation that allows one to calculate a drug’s serum concentration at
any time following drug administration.
Lesson 4 — Intravenous Bolus Administration, Multiple
Drug Administration and Steady-State Average
Concentrations
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Upon completion of this lesson, you should be able to:
• Identify the equation that determines the non-steady state accumulation factor.
• State the time period which must elapse before steady state serum concentrations of
a drug are achieved.
• Identify the equation for calculating a steady-state serum peak concentration.
• Identify the equation for calculating a steady-state serum trough concentration.
• Recognize the relationship between the dosing interval Tau and the elimination rate
constant for a drug.
Lesson 5 — Relationships of Pharmacokinetic Parameters
and Intravenous Intermittent and Continuous Infusions
Upon completion of this lesson, you should be able to:
• Recognize how changes in a drug’s pharmacokinetic variables alter steady state
plasma concentrations.
• Identify the two factors that determine the plasma concentration of a drug
administered by continuous intravenous infusion.
• State the purpose for administering a loading dose of a drug.
• Calculate the steady-state plasma concentration of a drug administered by
continuous intravenous infusion.
• Calculate the steady-state peak plasma concentration of a drug administered by
intermittent intravenous infusion.
• Calculate the steady-state trough plasma concentration of a drug administered by
intermittent intravenous infusion.
Lesson 6 — Two-Compartment Models
Upon completion of this lesson, you should be able to:
• Describe situation in which two compartment models ideally describe the
pharmacokinetics of drugs.
• Describe the Method of Residuals and its importance.
• Identify the equation for calculating volume of distribution at steady state of a drug
following the two compartment model.
• Recognize the number of plasma concentration data points required for calculating
parameters of a two compartment model.
Lesson 7 — Biopharmaceutics: Absorption
Upon completion of this lesson, you should be able to:
• Define Biopharmaceutics.
• Identify factors that may affect a drug’s oral bioavailability.
• Define Ka.
• Describe the components of the equation for calculating F for oral formulations of a
drug.
• Identify the equation for calculating total body clearance of a drug administered as a
controlled-release formulation.
Lesson 8 — Drug Distribution and Protein Binding
Upon completion of this lesson, you should be able to:
• Identify the type of body weight that should be used for calculating the volume of
distribution of a drug in a given patient.
• Identify the types of plasma proteins responsible for protein binding of most drugs.
• Recognize the effects that renal failure can have on concentrations of plasma
binding proteins.
• Recognize the relationship between volume of distribution and a drug’s tissue
volume, unbound plasma and tissue fractions and plasma volume.
Lesson 9 — Drug Elimination Processes
Upon completion of this lesson, you should be able to:
• Define extraction ratio and recognize its significance.
• Define “F” mathematically.
• What factors determine total body elimination of a drug?
• Recognize the most important routes of excretion of many drugs.
• Identify the equation for calculating renal clearance of a drug.
Lesson 10 — Nonlinear Processes
Upon completion of this lesson, you should be able to:
• Describe the concept of non-linear pharmacokinetics.
• List examples of drugs that follow non-linear pharmacokinetics.
• Define Vmax.
• Identify the components of the Michaelis-Menten equation.
• Define Km.
• Calculate the t90% in a given patient situation.
• Calculate Vmax in a given patient situation.
Lesson 11 — Pharmacokinetic Variation and Model
Independent Relationships
Upon completion of this lesson, you should be able to:
• Identify age related changes that may affect drug distribution and use.
• State the goals of pharmacogenetics / pharmacogenomics.
• Identify factors which must be considered when utilizing measured serum drug
concentration data for drug dosing determinations.
• Define Mean Residence Time.
• Define Formation Clearance.
• Describe the relationship between steady-state volume of distribution and Mean
Residence Time.
LESSONS 12-15 — Cases
(Only Available for Participants Enrolled in Option #2)
The goal of the Practice-Based Cases is to allow pharmacy practitioners with significant
pharmacokinetic dosing experience the opportunity to demonstrate their proficiency.
The following Cases will be explored:
•Aminoglycosides
•Vancomycin
•Theophylline
• Phenytoin and Digoxin
Lesson 12 — Aminoglycosides — Case Studies
Upon completion of this lesson, you should be able to:
• State reasons for measuring serum peak and trough aminoglycoside levels once
steady state is reached with a given dose and interval.
• Identify the equation for calculating CrCl from a 24 hour urine collection.
• State the equations for estimating K and V for aminoglycosides.
• Select the proper equation for estimating the expected serum trough concentration
which would be achieved from a dose of an aminoglycoside.
• Identify reasons for dosing aminoglycosides by the extended-interval method.
• Cite the Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy recommendations for calculating
a dose of gentamicin or tobramycin in seriously ill patients with declining renal
function.
Lesson 13 — Vancomycin — Case Studies
Upon completion of this lesson, you should be able to:
• State recommended vancomycin steady state serum trough concentrations.
• Identify the population estimate determining the volume of distribution of
vancomycin in a patient.
• Identify organisms for which vancomycin is commonly prescribed.
• State the equation for empirically calculating a vancomycin loading dose.
• Calculate a maintenance dose and dosing interval of vancomycin for a patient
scenario.
Lesson 14 — Theophylline — Case Studies
Upon completion of this lesson, you should be able to:
• Recognize the pharmacokinetic models theophylline and aminophylline
follow based on serum concentrations within the therapeutic range and serum
concentrations above this range.
• Identify situations which may cause increased clearance of theophyllne.
• Identify drugs which decrease theophylline clearance.
• State the patient’s weight which should be used for calculating the Volume of
distribution and Clearance for theophylline.
• Identify the beneficial effects methylxanthines have in patients with asthma
and/or COPD.
• Recognize serum concentrations above which produce the most significant adverse
effects of theophylline.
Lesson 15 — Phenytoin and Digoxin — Case Studies
Upon completion of this lesson, you should be able to:
• Recognize the equation for estimating the volume of distribution of Phenytoin.
• Identify the correct time interval for obtaining Phenytoin serum trough
concentrations with oral dosing.
• State the oral bioavailability of phenytoin.
• Calculate an empiric loading dose for phenytoin given patient demographic
information
• Recognize the therapeutic range for digoxin in patients with heart failure.
• State the average value for the steady state volume of distribution for digoxin.
• Identify the recommended maintenance dose of digoxin for ventricular rate control.
OPTION #1: Application-Based
Concepts in Clinical Pharmacokinetics Web-Based Continuing
Education Course
Prerequisite: There are no formal prerequisites for Option #1. It is recommended that
you have previous training or experience in pharmacy and that you are comfortable
working with mathematics at a pre-calculus level. Technical Requirements: PC or MAC;
your web browser will need Adobe® Flash Player in order to view and make use of all of
the media presented in this course.
Contact Hours:* 20
ACPE Number: 0014-9999-14-138-H01-P
Activity Type: Application-Based
Release Date: September 1, 2014
Expiration Date: August 31, 2017
OPTION #2: Practice-Based
Concepts in Clinical Pharmacokinetics Online Certificate Program
Prerequisite: Option #2 is primarily intended for practicing pharmacists and requires
demonstration of competence in clinical pharmacokinetics in an actual patient care
setting. You must be a licensed pharmacist and you must have access to patient care
during the duration of the course. Technical Requirements: PC or MAC; your web
browser will need Adobe® Flash Player in order to view and make use of all of the media
presented in this course.
Contact Hours:** 30
ACPE Number: 0014-9999-14-138-H01-P
Activity Type: Practice-Based
Release Date: September 1, 2014
Expiration Date: August 31, 2017
*Continuing pharmacy education credits are available only to licensed pharmacists; all others
(i.e., non-pharmacists) will earn University of Georgia Continuing Education Units (CEUs).
**A Certificate of Mastery is reserved for licensed pharmacists.
The University of Georgia College of Pharmacy is accredited by the
Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education as a provider of continuing
pharmacy education.
For more information about the
Concepts in Clinical Pharmacokinetics contact
[email protected] or dial +1-706-542-3537.