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Philosophical Issues in Quantum Physics and Metaphysical Implications 9 14 19 28 30 Q/M Physics Q/M Philosophical Issues Implications Discussion Quiz Relativity Thermodynamics Implications Discussion 4 6 11 13 18 20 25 Astronomy/ Cosmology Religious Cosmologies Implications Discussion Quiz Evolution The Science Creationism Intelligent Design Implications Discussion Summary Discussion Quiz Essay Due Readings • Barbour, I.G, Religion and Science (1997) • Whitaker, A, Einstein, Bohr and the Quantum Dilemma (1996) • Online Readings Papers for Discussion • Is there a moon when nobody look? Reality and the Quantum Theory by David Mermin • Is scientific realism compatible with quantum physics by Arthur Fine • Critical Realism in Science and Religion (Reading from Belief in God in an Age of Science by John Polkinghorne) • Quantum Complementarity and Christological Dialectic by Christopher Kaiser Recap: The Strange Quantum World • Wave Particle Duality • How to describe systems? • Wave Function describes the state of a system in a probabilistic sense • Systems exist a superposition of states • Observation collapses to a particular state Recap : Two Views • Complementarity (Critical Realism?) – Must consider interaction between subject and object in an experiment – Conceptual limitation of understanding • Realism – Theories are description of nature in itself – Hidden Variables to explain away apparent indeterminacy? Points to Ponder • Does Complementarity imply instrumentalism? • Complementarity a good paradigm for science and religion? • Indeterminacy – temporary ignorance? – measurement or conceptual issue? – inherent to nature? • Parts and Wholes – A new paradigm for understanding the world? Determinism • State (of an object or event) is determined by prior states • Laplace’s Clockwork Universe • Classical Physics • Cause and Effect • First Cause Argument? • Chaos? Indeterminacy • Temporary human ignorance • Inherent experimental or conceptual limitations • Indeterminacy in nature Realism • Observations in science related to a real existing world independent of observations • Scientific theories are attempts to gain information about reality • Classical Physics Positivism • Observed Phenomena are all that require scientific analysis • Discussion of underlying mechanisms or ‘real entities’ meaningless • Self Defeating, Quine and Kuhn’s Objections Instrumentalism • Scientific Theories tools to calculate experimental Results • Non Observable theoretical constructs useful but disposable • Shift away discourse from the realism debate Reductionism • Complex system is nothing but the sum of its parts • Again a clockwork universe • Greedy Reductionism (Dennet) • Emergent Phenomena • Holism Holism • The tendency in nature to form wholes that are greater than the sum of the parts • Complex Systems • Copenhagen Interpretation Bohr’s Copenhagen Interpretation • Complementarity • Indeterminacy • Critical Realism • Holism Complementarity • Wave Particle Duality • Complimentary’ properties and uncertainty • Mutual Exclusiveness – One quantity being measured precludes measurement of the other • Joint Completion – The two quantities jointly provide a complete description of the motion Complementarity • e.g. x & p OR sx & sy (or sz) • Must discuss the value of observable in terms of the experimental setup Disturbance Interpretation The Heisenberg Cut • Boundary between observer and observed • Ambiguity; does it mean the end of disturbance interpretation • Observer and observed handled as a whole Wholeness • Observed object and measuring apparatus are inextricably linked • Rebirth of Aristotle? • Eastern Mysticism? Problems with Copenhagen • An absolute wave function representing the world is rejected by Bohr – System (quantum), Observing devices (classical) • Heisenberg Cut Complementarity in other Fields • Mechanical and Vitalistic points of view of Biology • Free Will and Determinism in Psychology Wave Function Collapse • Projection postulate • What causes the wave function to collapse at the time of observation? • Epistemic Interpretation • Wigner and Consciousness The Realist View • The theory as it stands is incomplete • Hidden Variables? • EPR paradox as an example • Bohr’s response Metaphysical Implications • Is it all in the Mind? • • Free will and Determinism • God’s action in the world • Eastern Mysticism Biological Life • Exact predictions for large ensembles • But micro events can have macro consequences • Firing of neurons • Genetic Mutations Human Freedom • Quantum Indeterminacy = Possibility of human freedom? • Dualistic view needed? God’s Action in the World • Does God control how events unfold using indeterminacy? • Collapse of the wave function Eastern Mysticism • Complementarity and Yin/Yang • Holistic Picture and Pantheism • A Process point of view Next Time………. • Summary and wrap up • 15 min presentations • Quiz in class