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Roman Reformers 1) Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus 2) Marius 107 B.C.(military leader, Consul) – Made it so the landless poor could – Blamed the wealthy for the serve in the army=professional problems of Rome soldiers – Wanted the Senate to take – Soldiers now loyal to the general land from the latifundia who hired them, not the Republic and return to the poor. 3) Sulla 82B.C. – Tiberius murdered by Senators in 133B.C., Gaius – Marched on Rome to drive out 12 year later enemies. – What does the Murder of – Named himself dictator, stepped the Gracchus brothers tell down after 3 years us about Roman – Reduced power of tribunes and government at that time? increased senators responsibilities – Tried to return the Republic to its glory of old. 4/28/15 Topic: Julius Caesar (PAGES 323 – 325, Ch11.3) Essential Question: How did Julius Caesar rise to power in Rome? The Rise of Julius Caesar Questions: Use the following to complete the handout. 4/28/2015 Topic: Julius Caesar Essential Question: How did Julius Caesar rise to power in Rome? • Questions: Julius Caesar was a general who was part of the triumvirate who ruled Rome. • (triumvirate – three rulers who share equal power). • Julius Caesar ruled in Gaul (modern France) until the Senate told him to come back to Rome because they felt he was becoming too powerful. • He refused to go back to Rome, he felt he might be imprisoned, then he crossed the Rubicon River and started a civil war. Caesar Takes Power • He took over as dictator of Rome in 44 BC declaring himself dictator for life. • He appointed people to the Senate who supported him. • Caesar helped create jobs for the unemployed and passed new reforms to help make himself popular. • He introduced the Julian Calendar which influenced the calendar we still use today. 4/28/2015 Topic: Julius Caesar Essential Question: How did Julius Caesar rise to power in Rome? Questions: Caesar Takes Power • He took over as dictator of Rome in 44 BC declaring himself dictator for life. • He appointed people to the Senate who supported him. • Caesar helped create jobs for the unemployed and passed new reforms to help make himself popular. • He introduced the Julian Calendar which influenced the calendar we still use today. Caesar’s death • Even though many people loved Caesar, his opponents planned his death. • He was killed when he entered the Senate on March 15, 44 BC • His best friend Brutus also participated in the plot to kill him Video (10 min): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1u7Hu6G83nE Caesar: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m6WSlKdmKRw 4/28/2015 Topic: From Republic to Empire Essential Question : How did Rome become an empire? Questions: Answer these in full sentences! Antony and Cleopatra (pages 326-327) 1. What did Octavian accuse Antony and Cleopatra of? 2. How did this impact Antony and Cleopatra? 3. What was the effect of Antony and Cleopatra’s actions? Octavian – a New Direction (page 327) 4. Who was Cicero? 5. What type of government did Cicero support? 6. How did Octavian feel about a republican government? 7. What type of government did Octavian feel that Rome needed? 4/28/2015 Topic: From Republic to Empire ANSWERS!! Essential Question : How did Rome become an empire? Questions: Answer these in full sentences! Antony and Cleopatra (pages 326-327) 1. What did Octavian accuse Antony and Cleopatra of? – 2. How did this impact Antony and Cleopatra? – 3. Plotting aginst Rome They went to war and MarK Antony was defeated. Commit suicide What was the effect of Antony and Cleopatra’s actions? – Octavian becomes soul ruler of Rome! Octavian – a New Direction (page 327) 4. Who was Cicero? – 5. What type of government did Cicero support? – 6. A republic- representative How did Octavian feel about a republican government? – 7. A well known political speaker, leader and writer. That a Republic is too weak to solve Rome's problems What type of government did Octavian feel that Rome needed? – Rome needed a strong Leader in the Government- Emperor 4/28/2015 Topic: Augustus Caesar 14 BC – 14 AD (Ch11.4) Essential Question : How did Rome become an empire? Questions: The Rule of Augustus (pages 327-328) Augustus Caesar’s Accomplishments (page 328-330) 4/28/2015 Topic: Augustus Caesar 14 BC – 14 AD (Ch11.4) Essential Question : How did Rome become an empire? Questions: The Rule of Augustus (pages 327-328) • Octavian takes the title Augustus (which means “majestic one”) after he became Rome’s first emperor. • The Pax Romana (Roman Peace) started under Augustus Caesar and lasted about 200 years. Augustus Caesar’s Accomplishments (page 328-330) 1. Rome’s Borders – used physical features such as rivers, deserts, mountains, and oceans to keep the boarders. They also used soldiers. 2. Praetorian Guard – special military force of 9,000 men who protected the emperor. 3. Buildings – He rebuilt many buildings out of marble to show the greatness of Rome. 4/28/2015 Topic: Augustus Caesar 14 BC – 14 AD Essential Question : How did Rome become an empire? Questions: Augustus Caesar’s Accomplishments (page 328-330) 1. Rome’s Borders – used physical features such as rivers, deserts, mountains, and oceans to keep the boarders. They also used soldiers. 2. Praetorian Guard – special military force of 9,000 men who protected the emperor. 3. Buildings – He rebuilt many buildings out of marble to show the greatness of Rome. 4. Government – He put proconsuls (governors) over each province (like a state) to help run the government more smoothly. 5. Taxes – He got rid of corruption by hiring people to be tax collectors and paying them regular wages. 6. Legal System – Allowed rights to non-citizens and eventually allowed them to become citizens so that the laws applied to everyone. 7. Preserving the Empire – he gave free grain to the poor to help prevent the people from becoming unhappy and revolting. 4/28/2015 Topic: Augustus Caesar 14 BC – 14 AD Essential Question : How did Rome become an empire? Questions: 4. Government – He put proconsuls (governors) over each province (like a state) to help run the government more smoothly. 5. Taxes – He got rid of corruption by hiring people to be tax collectors and paying them regular wages. 6. Legal System – Allowed rights to non-citizens and eventually allowed them to become citizens so that the laws applied to everyone. 7. Preserving the Empire – he gave free grain to the poor to help prevent the people from becoming unhappy and revolting. Reflection Questions: 1. What do you think of the reforms Augustus Caesar made? 2. Do you think other later Roman rulers will follow his example?