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Endocrine
Supplemental Instruction
Iowa State University
Leader:
Course:
Instructor:
Date:
Kristina
AnS 214
Keating
11/13/2014
1. Endocrine glands are ________________. Their responses tend to act much
____________ than those of the nervous system. The endocrine system acts through
chemical messengers in the blood or lymph called _________________. Their effects can
take place in the cell where they are produced called a(n) _________________ effect or
they can have effects on cells other than the one that secreted them called a(n)
_________________ effect. There are two classes of hormones
______________________ and ________________________. Steroid hormones and TH
circulate in the blood bound to ___________________ while all other hormones circulate
freely. Concentration in the blood is affected by the rate of ____________ and speed of
____________. The amount of time it takes for half a hormone to be removed from the
blood is called the _____________________. Hormones can be released in response to
various stimuli. One type of stimuli called _______________ stimuli is classified by
changing levels of ions and nutrients in the blood. Ca+2 is regulated in this way. If Ca+2
levels get too high ______________ deposit calcium into the bone matrix. However, if
Ca+2 levels are too low ________________ degrade the bone matrix to release calcium
into the blood. An extremely low level of blood calcium in a lactating cow can cause
_________________________. A second type of stimuli called ____________________
stimuli is characterized by nerve fibers stimulating hormone release. When one hormone
triggers the release of another hormone this is called a ________________ stimulus. The
posterior pituitary stores the two hypothalamic hormones ______ and _______________.
The anterior pituitary secretes the six hormones _______, _______, ________,
_________, ________, and ________. All of these are classified as _______________.
They are secreted by cells in the anterior pituitary called ________________,
_________________, __________________, ___________________, and
_________________. The hormone that can be regulated indirectly by IGFs is also
regulated by _______ and _______. ___________ stimulates the production of gonadal
hormones, while ________ stimulates gamete production. Both of these hormones are
regulated by __________. Prolactin is regulated by _____________ also called prolactininhibiting hormone. _____________ stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth.
TSH regulates the normal function of the ______________ gland. This gland requires
iodine or else it will swell causing a ____________. It produces two hormones _______
which is more active than _________. In the pancreas alpha cells secrete ____________
and beta cells secrete ______________. Glucagon can cause the breakdown of
____________ to glucose called ________________________. It can also cause the
synthesis of glucose called ________________________. Hypoactivity or hypersecretion
of ________________ can cause diabetes mellitus. Three symptoms of diabetes are
______________, _________________, and___________________. When one hormone
cannot exert its effects without another hormone present that is called
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_______________________. _______________ is when more than one hormone
produces the same effect on a target cell. Finally, when one hormone _______________
another, it is called an antagonist. The effectiveness of a hormone depends on
_________________________, ______________________, and
____________________________________.
2. Name three structures of the male’s reproductive tract.
3. Interstitial cells produce ______________________.
4. What is the function of the epididymis?
5. Name the three accessory sex glands in the male.
6. _______________________ is the production of gametes in the seminiferous tubules.
This results in ______ spermatids through meiosis.
7. ___________________ form the blood-testis-barrier. They also nourish developing
sperm cells and secrete fluid for sperm _______________.
8. Describe the role of testosterone in the male.
9. Name the internal structures of the female’s reproductive tract.
10. What are the three tissue layers of the uterus?
11. Name the external structures of the female’s reproductive tract.
12. ________________ is the production of eggs. This begins in the _____________. At
puberty _____________ resumes.
13. What are the two phases of the ovarian cycle?
14. What are the three phases of the uterine cycle?
15. Define puberty.