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Transcript
Ecosystems Before You Read Ecosystems are related to biomes because an ecosystem has abiotic components such as water, oxygen, nutrients, light, and soil that interact with the biotic components such as plants, animals, micro-organisms. Every biome has many ecosystems, large and small, and there are many different kinds of ecosystems in every biome, so the environment in biomes can differ in different places. Parts of an Ecosystem 1. The difference between an ecosystem and a habitat is that an ecosystem contains abiotic components (water, oxygen, soil, nutrients, light etc.) that interact with biotic components. A habitat is in an ecosystem. It is the place where the organisms interacting with the abiotic components of an ecosystem live. The ecosystem is what supports the habitat with abiotic components. 2. Three main abiotic components of ecosystems are water, oxygen and light. 3. The difference between a population and community is that a population refers to all the members of a particular species within an ecosystem, while a community is all the populations of different species that interact in a specific area of ecosystem. 4. Symbiosis is the interaction between members of two different species that live together in close association. 5. Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither helped nor harmed. Often the host species provides shelter or transportation for the other species. 6. Mutualism differs from parasitism by how mutualism is a symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit. Parasitism is different because it a symbiotic relationship between two organisms where only one benefits. The parasite benefits at the expensive of the host organism. 7. Predation is the term used to describe the predatory-prey interactions in which one organism (usually the predator) eats all or part of another organism (the prey). The result is that one organism benefits while the other is harmed. Biotic interactions in ecosystems 1. I) Organism II) Ecosystem III) Population IV) Community V) Biosphere 2. 3. Largest – Biosphere Ecosystem Population Community Smallest - Organism Three populations that interact in my community: a. Humans and wildlife b. Teachers and students c. Businesses and customers Symbiotic Relationships 1. An ant lives in the thorns of the bullhorn acacia bush. The ant sips the nectar of the acacia’s leaflets. The ants protect the plant by fighting off other insects. Term: Mutualism Explanation: Both organisms benefit because the ant gets food from the plant and the pant gets protection from the ant. 2. Spotted knapweed releases chemicals into the soil. These chemicals prevent the growth of other plants and allow the plant to spread quickly. Term: Parasitism Explanation: the spotted knapweed is benefitted but at the same time it is being benefitted at the cost of other organisms. 3. Lynx hind snowshoe hares. When the lynx population increases the snowshoe hare population decreases. Term: Predation Explanation: the lynxes are preying on the snowshoe hares, and eating them, so when there are more lynxes, the more snowshoe hares they hunt. The hare is preyed on while the lynx is the predator. 4. Spanish moss lives on trees in rainforests and has no roots. The feathery structure of the Spanish moss captures nutrients and moisture from the air. Term: commensalism Explanation: the Spanish moss is getting what it needs to survive by living on trees, but the trees are not being helped or harmed by the moss. 5. The mountain pine beetle is killing British Columbia’s lodge pole and white pine forests. Term: Parasitism Explanation: the beetle is getting what it needs to survive, but at the expense of thousands of trees. Ecosystems 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. D E B F A C G 8. B 9. A 10. C