Download The Fertile Crescent

V-SHARE (RGRHODES)
1. Mesopotamia Notes #1
WORLD HISTORY 9/28/11
3. Mesopotamia Notes #1
4. River Valleys Civilizations Chart
5. Complete Database and Turn in at the end of class
2. Mesopotamia
(The Fertile Crescent)
ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA“THE LAND BETWEEN TWO RIVERS”
USA
Mesopotamia was
located in the
Middle East.
I. Mesopotamian Civilizations
A. Located in the Tigris and Euphrates River Valley (Present
day Iraq)
B. Protected by mountains and dry lands from nomadic
invaders
C. Ruled by kings and were polytheists in religious practices
Iraq is now the country where the
Sumerians lived
Ruled by kings and were polytheistic in that
Like Egyptians they worshipped
PP Design many
of T. Loessin;gods.
Akins H.S.
II. Sumer (Sumerians)
A. Settled by 3,000 BC
1. Earliest Civilization in Fertile Crescent
The Sumerian
Civilization started
somewhere between
5000 B.C. and 4000
B.C. when Neolithic
Farmers began to
settle the Tigris
Euphrates Valley.
II. Sumer (Sumerians)
2. Developed Cuneiform
a. 1st form of writing
b. Writers would press signs into clay tablets
(about 1000 signs)
3. Numerical system is based on 60
They had a number system
that was based on 60… and
they developed an early
form a clock (we use the
same time system)
II. Sumer (Sumerians)
4. Built Ziggurats
a. Were baked brick placed into layers up to
150 feet high
b. Served as a shrine to a Sumerian Gods
5. Empire lasted until 2330 BC when the
Akkadians conquered region
Ziggurats where in the center of every city-state.
They were part of a temple complex where
religious and government functions were conducted.
Homes and businesses
surrounded the center of the
City. The closer to the Ziggurat
the more important person
you were.
II. Sumer (Sumerians)
THE WHEEL!
III. Babylon (Babylonians)
A. Gain control of Mesopotamia around 2180 BC
B. Rule of Hammurabi (1792 BC)
1. Great military and political leader. Gains
control of most of Mesopotamia
III. Babylon (Babylonians)
2. Code of Hammurabi
a. Set of 282 laws developed under the rule of
Hammurabi
b. Laws dealt with commerce, industry,
property rights, working conditions &
wages.
c. Punishment “An Eye for An Eye”
III. Babylon (Babylonians)
1.
If a man has borne false witness in a trial, or has not established the statement that he
has made, if that case be a capital trial, that man shall be put to death.
2.
If a man has accused another of laying a nertu [death spell?] upon him, but has not
proved it, he shall be put to death.
3.
If a man has stolen goods from a temple, or house, he shall be put to death; and he that
has received the stolen property from him shall be put to death.
4.
If a man has stolen a child, he shall be put to death.
5.
If a man has broken into a house he shall be killed before the breach and buried
there.
6. If a man has committed highway robbery and has been caught, that man shall be put to
death.
IV. Other Conquerors
A. The Hittites
1. Controlled area from 1600 BC to 1200 BC
2. Among the first people to use Iron
3. Laws were not as harsh as those of the
Babylonians
IV. Other Conquerors
B. The Assyrians
1. Controlled area from 900 BC to 650 BC
2. Used Chariots in battle and were
the first to use Cavalry (men on
horseback)
IV. Other Conquerors
B. The Assyrians
3. Epic of Gilgamesh (2000 BC)
a. One of the oldest known works of
literature.
b. Written in cuneiform on 12 tablets
c. Each tablet tells of an adventure of
the King of Uruk (Gilgamesh)
d. Table 11 contains a story about a
Great Flood.
IV. Other Conquerors
C. The Chaldeans
1. Controlled area from 600 BC to 530 BC
2. Rule of Nebuchadnezzar
a. Expands the empire, takes over the
Hebrews, and takes destroys
Jerusalem, and gets 7,000 Hebrew
slaves.
IV. Other Conquerors
C. The Chaldeans
2. Rule of Nebuchadnezzar
b. Made the Jews make the Hanging
Gardens (made for Nebuchadnezzar
wife because she was home sick) and
the Tower of Babel (to get closer to the
heavens and was a ziggurat)
How was Mesopotamia a Civilization?
•
•
•
•
•
WRITING
ARMY
GOVERNMENT
RELIGION
EDUCATION
-
YES (CUNEIFORM)
YES (LED BY KING)
YES (KING)
YES (POLYTHESISM )
YES (SPECIALIZATION OF
LABOR)
Unit 2: River Valley Civilizations
Mesopotamia Database Terms
1. Cuneiform
4. Epic of Gilgamesh
2. Ziggurats
5. Hanging Gardens
3. Code of Hammurabi
COMPLETED DATABASE DUE AT THE END OF CLASS.
THAT MEANS:
- ALL 6 ANCIENT RIVER VALLEY TERMS
- ALL 9 EGYPT TERMS
- ALL 5 MESOPOMAMIA TERMS
DEFINITIONS & SIGNIFICANCE!
V-SHARE (RGRHODES)
1. HEBREW INTRO QUESTIONS
2. MESOPOTAMIA NOTES #2
WORLD HISTORY 9/29/11
1. COMPLETE & DROPBOX HEBREW QUESTIONS
2. MESOPOTAMIA NOTES #2
3. COMPLETE CIVILIZATION CHART
4. FINAL DATABASE TERMS
5. QUIZ – MONDAY (BOTH MESOPOTAMIA NOTES
6. TEST - TUESDAY
The Phoenicians & Hebrews
I. The Phoenicians (2300 BC – 65 BC)
I. The Phoenicians (2300 BC – 65 BC)
I. The Phoenicians (2300 BC – 65 BC)
A. Location
1. Western End of the Fertile Crescent
2. Present day nations of Israel, Lebanon, and Syria
I. The Phoenicians (2300 BC – 65 BC)
B. Economics
1. Little farm land and mountains to the east so they turned to
trading goods by sea.
2. Made up of many city-states each ruled by a different king.
3. Lumber was their most important natural resource.
a. Also known for trading glass and purple dye.
I. The Phoenicians (2300 BC – 65 BC)
C. Culture
1. Polytheistic, believed in many different gods (Like Egyptians
and Sumerians)
2. Developed an Alphabet that would become a model for later
alphabets
a. Believed to be based on Cuneiform and Hieroglyphics
b. Used 22 symbols, each symbol represented a sound,
easier to learn.
c. Alphabet spread because of trade, contracts, and bills
I. The Phoenicians (2300 BC – 65 BC)