Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
ANALYSIS OF MOVEMENT AS PE THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM By the end of the lesson you should be able to… • Recall some of the major muscles used to produce skeletal movement • Understand key terms related to how muscles cause movement WHAT DO YOU KNOW? Role of Muscle • Muscles provide movement and generate forces to carry out daily tasks • The effect and efficiency of the muscles is largely dependant on training • We are not always in control of the movement our muscles generate Types of Muscle Tissue Cardiac – Only found in heart – Involuntary and contracts continuously – Fatigue resistant Smooth – Blood Vessels, Gut, other internal organs – Involuntary – Fatigue resistant Skeletal – Attached to skeleton – Voluntary – Sensitive to fatigue Types of Muscle Muscle Location Speed of contractions Respiration Cardiac Heart Slow Aerobic Skeletal Attached to bones Slow to fast Aerobic and anaerobic Smooth Hollow organs and arteries Slow Mainly aerobic Location of Major Muscles • Identify the location of the below muscles on the diagram provided: Biceps, Triceps, Deltoids, Pectoralis Major, Rectus Abdominis, Trapezius, Latissimus Dorsi, Obliques, Quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius), Hamstring (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus), Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Tibialis anterior THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM ACTIONS OF MUSCLES • Agonist/prime mover-The muscle directly responsible for the movement at a joint and will typically shorten • Example- The bicep is the agonist in flexion at the elbow ACTIONS OF MUSCLES • Antagonist- The muscle that lengthens to allow movement to occur at the joint. • Example- The triceps brachii will lengthen to allow the bicep brachii to contract and cause flexion at the elbow EXAMPLES….. 1. 2. 3. 4. Extension at the elbow joint Extension at the knee joint Flexion of the hip Dorsi Flexion of the ankle ANSWERS….. Extension at the elbow joint AGONIST: Tricep ANTAGONIST: Bicep Extension at the knee joint AGONIST: Quadriceps ANTAGONIST: Hamstrings Flexion of the hip AGONIST: Hip Flexors ANTAGONIST: Gluteals Dorsi Flexion of the ankle AGONIST: Tibialis Anterior ANTAGONIST: Gastrocnemius ACTIONS OF MUSCLES • Origin = The attachment of the muscle on to a bone nearer the midline of the body (proximal end) • Example- The origin of the bicep is the Scapula ACTIONS OF MUSCLES • Insertion- The point typically where the muscle attaches to the bone in which it causes movement to. • Example- The bicep causes movement of the radius therefore the insertion is on the radius bone. ACTIONS OF MUSCLES • Synergist- Muscles that prevent any undesired movements in the body. • Example- As the biceps brachii contracts and causes flexion at the elbow, the deltoids stabilise the movement at the shoulder joint ACTIONS OF MUSCLES • Fixator: Muscles that stabilise the origin so the agonist can work more efficiently. • Example: The trapezius will stabilise the scapula, upon which the bicep brachii attaches. The bicep brachii thus has something solid to pull against. MUCLES RECAP MUSCLES RECAP 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Anterior deltoid: Horizontal Flexion at shoulder Posterior deltoid: Horizontal Extension at shoulder Bicep: Flexion at elbow Tricep: Extension at elbow Pectorals: Horizontal Flexion Trapezius: Horizontal extension Latissimus dorsi: Horizontal extension Hip Flexors: Flexion at the hip Gluteals: Extension at the hip Quadriceps: Extension at the knee Hamstrings: Flexion at the knee Gastrocnemius: Plantar Flexion Tibialis anterior: Dorsi Flexion HOMEWORK • Complete the sheet provided