Download 1.2 Anatomy

1.2 Anatomy, Biomechanics
and Physiology
How the body responds to
exercise
Anatomy
Anatomy:
The structure and function of the body

*muscles
*movement
*antagonist
*bones
* joints
*agonist
Biomechanics

The study of the mechanics of the body
e.g a golf swing
*centre of gravity
*base of support
*line of support
*force summation,
*speed-height-angle of release
*newton's laws of motion
*projectiles
Physiology

Physiology: the study of how the body
responds to exercise
*heart rate
*sweating
*breathing
*blood pressure
*energy systems
*F.I.T.T
*components of fitness
Muscles and Bones
What bones make up the following
synvoial (freely moveable) joints?
Ankle (3), knee (4), hip (2), elbow (3),
Shoulder (3)

What muscles move the following joints?
Ankle (2), knee (2), hip (2), elbow (2),
Shoulder (3)
Joint movement

Flexion: narrowing the angle of a joint, on the
‘front’ (anterior) of the body except for knee
Joint movement
Extension:
 widening the angle
of a joint,
on the ‘back’
(posterior) of the
body except for
knee

Joint movement
Abduction: moving a limb (leg or
arm) away from the body
Adduction: moving a limb towards the
body

Joint movement
Rotation:
turning bones in
a circular motion
at a joint

Joint movement

Match the movement with the muscles that cause it
Dorsiflexion
Plantarflexion
Knee flexion
Knee extension
Hip flexion
Hip extension
Trunk flexion
Elbow flexion
Elbow Extension
Shoulder flexion
Shoulder extension
abdominals
anterior deltoid, pectorals
bicep
tricep
posterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi
tibialis anterior
gastrocnemius
quadriceps
hamstring
hip flexors (iliopsoas)
gluteals
Agonist/Antagonist
*All muscles work in pairs
The agonist muscle is the contracting
muscle and the antagonist is the
relaxing muscle
Agonist/Antagonist

e.g when you do a bicep curl the
biceps contracts and the triceps
relaxes to allow the movement to
happen
Agonist/antagonist

Match the muscles together with the joint
[the muscles above the joint move it]
Ankle
Knee
Hip
Elbow
Shoulder
gluteals and hip flexors
deltoid, pectorals and latissimus dorsi
bicep and tricep
tibialis anterior and gastocnemius
quadriceps and hamstring