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Download Muscles - Western Springs College
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MUSCLES •Muscles •Structure •Function DID YOU KNOW…A smile uses 17 muscles, a frown uses 43? Muscle Categories The skeleton cannot stand alone. Bones need to be held in place and moved by their own support system – the muscles. Muscles are contractile tissue which are responsible for movement in the body from the slightest wink to the sustained effort needed to run a marathon Muscles make up from 35-40% of the body’s total weight Did you know that: there are more 600 muscles in your body!! Muscles are either: Voluntary Voluntary muscles that you can move whenever you want to Involuntary Muscles contract and relax automatically inside your body. We can not control them e.g. your stomach, digestive system (move food in and through), uterus, bladder, heart. Types of Muscles Smooth (involuntary) Cardiac (involuntary) Skeletal (voluntary) Parts of a skeletal muscle Muscle Origin Muscle Head The beginning of the muscle belly at the origin Muscle Belly Where muscles attach to a bone The fleshy part of the muscle Muscle Insertion Where the muscle belly forms into a tendon to attach onto another bone Did you know… Smallest Muscle Is the stapedius Length = 1/20th of an inch. It is the activator of the stirrup that sends vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear. Largest Muscle is the latissimus dorsi Fastest Muscle The eye muscle It contracts in less than 1/100th of a second. Muscles work in pairs When one muscle is working the other is relaxed. We use the following terms to explain what each muscle is doing: Agonist = is the working muscle Antagonist = is the oppostie muscle which is not working (ie relaxed) triceps biceps MUSCLES – Turn to page 102 Muscle Main Action Deltoid Shoulder abduction, flexion and extension Pectorals Shoulder adduction and flexion Latissimus Dorsi Shoulder adduction and extension Triceps Elbow extension Biceps Elbow Flexion Abdominals Trunk Flexion and rotation Gluteus Maximus Hip abduction and extension Hamstrings Knee flexion, hip extension Quadriceps Knee extension, hip flexion Wrist Flexors Wrist Flexion Wrist Extensors Wrist Extension Gastrocnemius Plantarflexion Tibialis Anterior Dorsiflexion YOUR TURN….. On page 102 Try to fill out the next table using the information you just collected. Movement Agonist Antagonist Elbow Flexion Bicep Tricep Shoulder Abduction Deltoid Elbow Extension Tricep Pectorals + Latissimus Dorsi Bicep Knee Flexion Hamstring Quadricep Shoulder Adduction Pectorals +Latissimus Dorsi Quadriceps Deltiod Deltoid + Pectorals Latissimus Dorsi Knee Extension Shoulder Flexion Hamstrings Hip Extension Gluteus Maximus Hip Flexors Hip Flexion Gluteus Maximus Hip Flexors Plantarflexion Gastrocnemius Tibialis Anterior Wrist Extension Wrist Extensors Wrist Flexors Dorsiflexion Tibialis Anterior Gastrocnemi us Shoulder extension Latissimus Dorsi Posterior Delt. Rectus Abdominus Pectorals Anterior Delt Erector Spinae Rectus Abdominus Trunk flexion Trunk extension Erector Spinae
