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Digestion and Nutrition – Chapter 6 The 6 Major Nutrients It is necessary for our bodies to receive a balanced diet full of the major nutrients required for daily activities. These nutrients are: 1. Proteins: are made up of chains of amino acids. Of the 20 essential amino acids required for our bodies to function properly, 8 of these cannot be synthesized by the body so we MUST have a source of nutrition to receive them. They are essential because they participate in almost EVERY function our cells perform. (metabolism, muscle function, immune response, cell shape) 2.Carbohydrates: are an essential part of our diet because they provide and store energy for our bodies. Most commonly we know carbohydrates to be starches or sugars found in breads, pasta, rice, fruits and vegetables. Carbohydrates are also linked together to form chains called monosaccharide (glucose), disaccharides (lactose) or polysaccharides (cellulose). 3.Fats: help our body to absorb vitamins, serve as insulation under our skin, protect organs, provide coating on our nerves, and are an important part of every cell membrane. Fats are made up of 3 fatty acids and one glycerol molecule and are often called lipids. 4.Vitamins: assist your body in changing food to energy. Vitamins are either water soluble (not stored in the body) or fat soluble (stored in fatty tissues). Some essential vitamins are A, C, D, B1, B2, E and K. *Q – Find a source for each vitamin, its function, and what happens if there is a deficiency 5.Minerals : Minerals are similar to vitamins because they help the body obtain energy from food and maintain normal body functions and structure. As many as 16 minerals are required in our bodies, some function as electrolytes. (iron, sodium, magnesium, calcium) 6.Water : delivers nutrients to our cells, lubricates our joints, helps to maintain body temperature, cushions organs, aids in digestion and absorption, among many other functions. Our brains are 75% water, blood is 92% water, bones are 22% water and muscles are 75% water.