Download MIDTERM REVIEW

2015 – 2016 ACCELERATED BIOLOGY MIDTERM REVIEW
1.
Discuss the steps of the scientific method.
2.
List laboratory safety procedures.
3.
What are the parts of the microscope and their functions?
4.
Identify the following types of microscopes:
Compound light
transmission electron
scanning electron
5.
What are some of the limitations of microscopes?
6.
What is the importance of resolution?
7.
List and define different branches of biology.
8.
List the 5 characteristics of living things.
9.
What elements and compounds are common in living things?
10.
Discuss the following types of bonding:
Covalent –
Ionic –
Peptide bond –
11.
Identify the parts of an atom, their mass and charge.
12.
Define:
atomic number -
mass number -
isotope -
13.
Discuss the structure, monomers and examples for each of the following biomolecules:
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic acids
14.
What is an enzyme? Discuss how it performs its function.
15. Describe the reactions catalyzed by the following enzymes:
a. catalase
b. ATP synthase
16.
Discuss dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis and give an example of each.
17..
What is a carboxyl group and an amino group?
18..
Identify the scientists who contributed to the Cell Theory and state the Cell Theory.
19.
What are the differences between:
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Plant and animal cells?
20. Name structures and list functions of organelles in plant and animal cells.
21. Describe the structure of the cell membrane.
22.
Explain:
Diffusion
Osmosis
Endocytosis
Pinocytosis
Phagocytosis
Exocytosis
23. Give an example of the following types of solutions and describe what happens to plant and animal cells placed in
a(n):
hypertonic solution
hypotonic solution
isotonic solution
24.
Who were Van Helmont and Joseph Priestly and what discoveries did they make?
25.
What is ATP? Why is it the “energy” molecule? What is ADP?
26.
Discuss the basic steps in photosynthesis. What are the reactants and the products? Know where each step
takes place and what pigment is needed.
27.
Discuss the steps of aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
28.
Compare lactic acid fermentation to alcoholic fermentation and give an example of an organism that does each.
29.
Compare and contrast DNA and RNA.
30.
What are the roles of:
mRNA?
rRNA?
tRNA?
31.
What are codons and aniticodons? What is an initiator and a stop codon? Be able to use a codon chart.
32.
Discuss:
transcription –
translation -
protein synthesis -
33.
What is DNA replication?
34.
Identify the steps in mitosis. Be able to label key structures and stages. Know the order and the differences
in animal and plant mitosis.
35.
What is: cell division, M phase?
Mitosis?
cytokinesis?
36.
Describe what occurs during the different stages of cell division and interphase.
37.
What is:
a. chromatin?
b. a chromosome?
38.
What are the human diploid and haploid numbers?
Which types of cells are haploid and which are diploid?
What is the 2N number?
N number?
39.
Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis.
40.
Compare and contrast spermatogenesis to oogenesis.
41.
Discuss the methods of artificial selection giving the pros and cons of each.
Selective breeding:
Inbreeding:
Hybridization:
42.
43.
Explain the Mendel’s three laws of Genetics:
a.
Law of Segregation:
b.
Law of Independent Assortment:
c.
Law of Dominance:
Be able to use a Punnett Square to solve a one trait cross:
When purple flowers are crossed with white flowers, only purple offspring resulted. Cross heterozygous purple
flowers with white flowers. Cross heterozygous purple flowers with heterozygous purple flowers. Show the
Punnett Squares for both crosses. Use letter P or p. For each problem, give the expected genotypic and
phenotypic ratios.
:
44. Be able to use a Punnett Square to solve a two trait cross such as:
Yellow is dominant and green is recessive for pea color. Round is dominant and wrinkled is recessive for pea
shape. Use Y or y and R or r. (A) Cross two heterozygous plants bearing yellow, round peas. Give expected
phenotypic ratios.
Chapter 1: The Science of Biology
Scientific method
Manipulated variable
Liter
Observation
Biology
Asexual reproduction
Homeostasis
Ecosystem
Organism
Compound light microscope
Hypothesis
Responding variable
Gram
Data
Cell
Metabolism
Evolution
Community
Metric system
Electron microscope
Controlled experiment
Theory
Meter
Inference
Sexual reproduction
Stimulus
Biosphere
Population
microscope
Mixture
Solvent
Acid
Monomer
Monosaccharide
Lipid
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Amino acid
Product
Enzyme
Active site
Glycerol
Solution
Suspension
Base
Polymer
Disaccharide
Nucleic acid
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Chemical reaction
Activation energy
Substrate
Dehydration synthesis
Fatty Acid
Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life
Cohesion
Adhesion
Solute
pH scale
Buffer
Carbohydrate
Polysaccharide
Nucleotide
Protein
Reactant
Catalyst
Enzyme-Substrate Complex
Hydrolysis
Chapter 7: Cell Structure and Function
Cell
Prokaryote
Cytoplasm
Chromosome
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Lysosome
Chloroplast
Cell membrane
Rudolph Virchow
Matthias Schleiden
Microfilaments
Diffusion
Concentration
Hypertonic
Passive transport
Phagocytosis
Cell specialization
Organ system
Cell Theory
Eukaryote
Nuclear envelope (membrane)
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Vacuole
Cytoskeleton
Anton von Leeuwenhoek
Robert Brown
Cell wall
Microtubules
Osmosis
Equilibrium
Hypotonic
Active transport
Pinocytosis
Tissue
Nucleus
Organelle
Chromatin
Ribosome
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondrion
Centriole
Robert Hooke
Theodor Schwann
Autotroph
Chlorophyll
Photolysis
Heterotroph
Glucose
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Flagellum
Lipid bilayer
Isotonic
Facilitated diffusion
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Organ
Chapter 8: Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
Pigment
Light-Dependent Reactions
Light-Independent Reactions
Grana
Chloroplast
Stroma
Calvin Cycle
Aerobic
Electron Transport chain
muscle fatigue
Anaerobic
Glycolysis
Cell Division
Centromere
Centrioles
Anaphase
Cyclin
G2
Cytokinesis
Cell cycle
Prophase
Telophase
Cancer
S phase
Diploid
Crossing-over
Oogenesis
Gametes
Meiosis I
Haploid
Tetrad
Gametogenesis
Ova
Meiosis II
Bacteriophage
Base pairing
Histone
Transcription
tRNA
Anticodon
Nucleotides
Double helix
Replication
Translation
rRNA
Stop codon
Chapter 9: Respiration
Cellular Respiration
Fermentation
Krebs cycle
ATP
Chapter 10: Cell Growth
Mitosis
Sister chromatids
Interphase
Metaphase
Spindle
G1
M phase
Chapter 11: Meiosis
Homologous
Meiosis
Spermatogenesis
Homologues
Sperm
Chapter 12: DNA and RNA
Transformation
Nitrogenous base
Chromatin
Protein synthesis
mRNA
Codon
Chapter 11: Introduction to Genetics
Genetics
Fertilization
True-breeding
Trait
Hybrid
Gene
Allele
Segregation
Gamete
Probability
Punnett Square
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Phenotype
Know the following monomers and their polymers:
Genotype
Dihybrid
Selective breeding (13-1)
Inbreeding (13-1)
Hybridization(13-1)
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
________________________
What process? ___________________________
Label the parts of the Cell Cycle.
What is occurring here? ____________________
What is occurring here? ____________ Know the steps involved
Know how to use this Genetic Code wheel during Protein Synthesis
Identify the specific type of RNA shown below
_________
________ ____________________
Be able to label each process and the structure indicated in the process of Protein Synthesis.
Label the parts of the microscope
Label the parts of the Plant and then the Animal cell
Label the parts of the paired chromosome
Identify this molecule
Be able to explain what is happening in the diagram above
Know what is happening here