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Anatomy and Physiology Vitruvian man By DaVinci Circa 1490 Definitions Anatomy- The study of the structure of the human body from the microscopic level to gross anatomy. Physiology- The study of how the body works Connections Anatomy and Physiology are always related Structure and function are always interrelated Capillaries are small and thin walled to allow the exchange of gasses and nutrients The link between structure and function will be our main focus throughout the semester Next Levels of Organization 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Atoms/Molecules Cells Tissue Organ Organ Systems Organism Organ Systems Integumentary System 1. • Skin Skeletal System 2. • Bones, Cartilage, Ligaments and Joints Muscular System 3. • • • Skeletal Smooth Cardiac Organ Systems Nervous system 4. • • • Brain Spinal Cord Nerves and Sensory Receptors Endocrine System 5. • Controls body through chemical signals • Hormones Cardiovascular System 6. • Heart and Blood Vessels Organ Systems 7. Lymphatic System 8. Respiratory System 9. 11. Pharynx, Larynx, and Lungs Digestive System 10. Lymph Nodes, Spleen and Tonsils Mouth to Anus Urinary System Reproductive System (Male and Female) Connections Many of the systems are interrelated as well Digestive, Circulatory, Lymphatic systems Circulatory and Cardiovascular Urinary and reproductive systems Nervous and Muscular systems Maintaining Life Systems work together to maintain life 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Maintaining boundaries Movement Responsiveness Digestion Metabolism Excretion Reproduction Growth Survival Needs Nutrients (Food) 1. Carbs, lipids, proteins Vitamins and Minerals Oxygen 2. 20% of air Water 3. 60-80 of the human body Temperature (37 Deg. C) Atmospheric Pressure 4. 5. Gas Exchange Homeostasis The maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment Dynamic state of change and equilibrium Blood pressure, oxygen levels, body temperature An extreme change can be catastrophic Three Basic Components Receptor 1. Senses change in environment Sends information to control center along afferent pathway Control Center 2. Determines homeostasis point Determines response Effector 3. Makes the change positive/negative Gets info from efferent pathway