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Biotechnology Chapter 5: Protein Review 1. Draw a “generic” amino acid (be sure to label: the “central” or alpha carbon, R-group, amino group, and the carboxyl group) 2. What the name of the bond that holds the amino acids together in a polypeptide chain? How is this bond formed?________________________________________________________________ 3. Name at least 4 roles or jobs of globular proteins. 4. List and explain the 4 different protein structures. 5. What is the name of the enzyme that is responsible for unwinding/unzipping the DNA strand and adding the correct RNA nucleotides to the growing mRNA strand?___________ 6. mRNA is synthesized (made) in the _______________direction. 7. List 3 ways in which RNA differs from DNA. 8. How do the processes of transcription and translation differ in prokaryotes and eukaryotes? Transcription Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Translation Prokaryotes Eukaryotes 9. What is the function of a Promotor region on the newly opened DNA strand in eukaryotic cells during transcription? What is the sequence?____________________ 10. How is elongation different than termination during transcription? 11. What is the difference between introns and exons? 12. What is meant by antisense strand of DNA and the sense strand of DNA? 13. a) What is the purpose of the mRNA “start” codon? What is the start codon? ___________ b) What is the purpose of the 3 mRNA “stop” codons? c). List these stop codons. _________________________________ 14. Explain the statement: “There is redundancy in the genetic code, but no ambiguity.” Provide an example to illustrate your explanation. 15. Using your “genetic map” chart, fill in the following table: DNA triplet GGG mRNA codon tRNA Anticodon Amino Acid GAA Lysine AGC Leucine 16. Complete the chart below summarizing the changes made to a pre-mRNA molecule in eukaryotes. mRNA end Description of Function #1 Function #2 modification 5’ end 3’ end 17. On the transfer RNA (tRNA) diagram to the right, label the anticodon and site of Amino acid attachment. 18. Sketch and label a typical ribosome. 19) Complete the following table for the functions of the various types of RNA molecules in a eukaryotic cell. Type of RNA Messenger RNA (mRNA) Function Transfer RNA (tRNA) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) 20. Describe the “initiation” step in translation. 21. What is the difference between the elongation step and the translocation step in translation? 22. In DETAIL, describe the “termination” step of translation.