Download Biotechnology Chapter 5: Protein Review 1. Draw a “generic” amino

Biotechnology Chapter 5: Protein Review
1. Draw a “generic” amino acid (be sure to label: the “central” or alpha carbon, R-group, amino group,
and the carboxyl group)
2. What the name of the bond that holds the amino acids together in a polypeptide chain? How is this
bond formed?________________________________________________________________
3. Name at least 4 roles or jobs of globular proteins.
4. List and explain the 4 different protein structures.
5. What is the name of the enzyme that is responsible for unwinding/unzipping the DNA strand and
adding the correct RNA nucleotides to the growing mRNA strand?___________
6. mRNA is synthesized (made) in the _______________direction.
7. List 3 ways in which RNA differs from DNA.
8. How do the processes of transcription and translation differ in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Transcription
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Translation
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
9. What is the function of a Promotor region on the newly opened DNA strand in eukaryotic cells during
transcription? What is the sequence?____________________
10. How is elongation different than termination during transcription?
11. What is the difference between introns and exons?
12. What is meant by antisense strand of DNA and the sense strand of DNA?
13.
a) What is the purpose of the mRNA “start” codon? What is the start codon? ___________
b) What is the purpose of the 3 mRNA “stop” codons?
c). List these stop codons. _________________________________
14. Explain the statement: “There is redundancy in the genetic code, but no ambiguity.” Provide an
example to illustrate your explanation.
15. Using your “genetic map” chart, fill in the following table:
DNA triplet
GGG
mRNA codon
tRNA Anticodon
Amino Acid
GAA
Lysine
AGC
Leucine
16. Complete the chart below summarizing the changes made to a pre-mRNA molecule in eukaryotes.
mRNA end
Description of
Function #1
Function #2
modification
5’ end
3’ end
17. On the transfer RNA (tRNA) diagram to the
right, label the anticodon and site of
Amino acid attachment.
18. Sketch and label a typical ribosome.
19) Complete the following table for the functions of the various types of RNA molecules in a eukaryotic
cell.
Type of RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Function
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
20. Describe the “initiation” step in translation.
21. What is the difference between the elongation step and the translocation step in translation?
22. In DETAIL, describe the “termination” step of translation.