Download Name Key Vocabulary from Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 Word Picture

Name
Key Vocabulary from Chapter 1 and Chapter 2
Word
Picture
Definition
Organism
A living thing.
Cell
The basic unit of structure and function in
living things.
Unicellular
A type of organism that is made up of a
single cell.
Multicellular
A type of organism that is made up of
many cells.
Stimulus
A change in an organism’s surroundings
that causes the organism to react
Response
An action or change in behavior that
occurs as a result of a stimulus
Spontaneous
Generation
The mistaken idea that living things arise
from nonliving sources.
Controlled
Experiment
An experiment in which all of the variables
except for one remain the same.
Manipulated
Variable/
Independent
Variable
The one factor that a scientist changes to
test a hypothesis during an experiment
Autotroph
Heterotroph
An organism that makes its own food.
(internally)
An organism that cannot make its own
food.
Homeostasis
The process by which an organism’s
internal environment is kept stable in spite
of changes in the external environment.
Cell Theory
A widely accepted explanation of the
relationship between cells and living things.
Organelle
A tiny cell structure that carries out a
specific function within the cell.
Chromatin
Material in cells that contains DNA and
carries genetic information.
Prokaryote
An organism whose cells lack a nucleus
and some other cell structures.
Eukaryote
Word
Element
An organism with cells that contain nuclei
and other cell structures
Picture
Definition
A type of matter in which all the atoms are
the same; cannot be broken down into
simpler substances.
The smallest unit of an element.
Atom
Compound
Two or more elements that are chemically
combined.
The smallest unit of most compounds.
Molecule
A compound that contains carbon.
Organic
Compound
Inorganic
Compound
A compound that does not contain carbon.
Amino Acid
Large organic molecules made of carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes
sulfur; they are needed for tissue growth and
repair and play a part in chemical reactions
within cells.
Small units that are linked together
chemically to form large protein molecules.
Enzyme
A protein that speeds up chemical reactions
in the bodies of living things.
Protein
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Nucleic Acid
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic
acid
RNA
Ribonucleic acid
Selectively
Permeable
Diffusion
Energy-rich organic compounds, such as
sugars and starches that are made of the
elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
They provide the raw materials to make
parts of cells.
Energy-rich organic compounds, such as
fats, oils, and waxes that are made of
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
A very large organic molecule made of
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and
phosphorus, that contain instructions that
cells need to carry out all the functions of
life.
The genetic material that carries information
about an organism and is passed from
parent to offspring.
A nucleic acid that plays an important role
in the production of proteins.
A property of cell membranes that allows
some substances to pass through, while
others cannot.
The process by which molecules move from
an area in which they are highly
concentrated to an area in which they are
less concentrated.
Osmosis
The diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
Passive Transport
The movement of materials through a cell
membrane without using energy
Active Transport
The movement of materials through a cell
membrane using energy.
Cell Cycle
Interphase
Replication
Mitosis
Chromosome
The regular sequence of growth and division
that cells undergo.
The stage of the cell cycle that takes place
before cell division occurs; during this stage,
the cell grows, copies its DNA, and prepares
to divide.
The process by which a cell makes a copy
of the DNA in its nucleus.
The stage of the cell cycle during which the
cell’s nucleus divides into two new nuclei
and one copy of the DNA is distributed into
each daughter cell.
A rod-shaped cellular structure made of
condensed chromatin; contains DNA, which
carries the genetic information that controls
inherited characteristics such as eye color
and blood type.
One of the identical rods of a chromosome.
Chromatid
Cytokinesis
The final stage of the cell cycle, in which the
cell’s cytoplasm divides, distributing the
organelles into each of the two new cells.