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RENAISSANCE Rafaello – The School of Athens Plato, Aristotle, Diogenés and other figures representing the ultimate wisdom of humankind RENESANCE – FIND OUT! When does it begin and end? What does this word literally mean? What country is considered the cradle of Renaissance? What other historical events are considered important in this era? What Italian cities played an important role during Renaissance? Which artist is regarded as the prototype of a Renaissance man? What is humanism? What invention helped spread the ideas of Renaissance? TWO MOVEMENTS TWO PATHS RENAISSANCE – HUMANISM vs REFORMATION TYPICAL FEATURES OF RENAISSANCE anthropocentrism individualism humanism scientific basis of art realism secularization nacionalism collecting patronage Italian Renaissance and humanism Return to Antiquity In the course of the 14th century the Italian scholars and artists began to turn back to Antiquity for inspiration, especially to the art of the Imperial Rome. This new style of living was later referred to as Renaissance = rebirth, revival Renaissance = new perspective of the world and the role of the man in it The birth of Renaissance Renaissance is the period from 14th to 16th centuries, and which preceeds the period of Reformation. It originated in Italy and subsequently spread all across Europe. The Italian Renaissance connects the Western world with the classical knowledge. The learning also spread thanks to the invention of printing press (invented by Johannes Guttenberg, 1455) The Italian Renaissance is often marked as the beginning of the Modern Age the term was first used by Giorgio Vasari v r. 1550 The reasons for its rise in Italy gradual growth in trade and importance of the Italian cities – so-called: communes they kept a reasonable independence of both the Emperor and the Pope, in spite of formally being a part of the Holy Roman Empire domicile of the majority of originally rural gentry/ nobility (e.g. bankers – de Medici) different life style advancement of art and architecture political independence the rise of a new kind of man! the Renaissance concept of the world the life of medieval man was centered around his faith in God the Renaissance man laid emphasis on human reason attempt to understand the world and its regularities man (humanus) becomes the center of attention herefrom humanism = obráceni pozornosti k člověku Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) this broadly talented artist is often regarded as the prototype of a Renaissance man he was simultaneously a painter, sculptor, architect, scientist, writer and musician The Last Supper The Last Supper became the theme for an array of artists. The scene depicts Jesus Christ and the 12 disciples during dinner on the eve when Jesus was betrayed and arrested. Later cricified. Mona Lisa – La Gioconda Leonardo's inventions Renaissance learning knowledge of languages – especially LATIN in the Middle Ages Latin was on the decline and was simplified the humanists turned back to the original classical Latin through the copies of classical works Renaissance learning physics anatomy chemistry botany astronomy Nicholas Copernicus occupied himself with astronomy and mathematics he proved that the Giordano Bruno also advocated the concept of heliocentrism he eventually came to Galileo Galilei sentences to be burned for similar ideas in the end he revoked his beliefs Galileo is believed to have uttered these words after he had saved himself from death :“…And yet, it spins!“ he invented a 30x zoom telescope Fine Art search for beauty loooking for some rules that would define the ideal beauty the Italian cities became centers of art: Florence, Pisa, Venice a Rome Florence Sandro Botticelli THE BIRTH OF VENUS Tizian the portrait of Emperor Charles V. Michelangelo Buonarotti decorated the so-called Sistine Chapel in Vatican (Rome) with frescoes