Download ANSWERS Biology Interim Study Guide

Biology Interim Study Guide
Levels of organization in ecology
1. How are the terms species and populations related?
A population is a group of the SAME species in the SAME area.
2. Put the following in order from smallest to largest
Population
_______2________
Biome
________5_______
Organism
_______1________
Ecosystem
________4_______
Community
_______3________
Biosphere
________6_______
Energy Flow in ecosystems
3. How are food chains and food webs similar? Both show feeding (trophic) levels
between organisms
4. How are food chains and food webs different? Food chains show a single feeding
pathway. Food webs show interconnected feeding pathways.
5. What are the first organisms always called in a food chain, food web, or pyramid?
Producers
6. Give two examples of them: Tree and flower
7. Label each member of the following food chain with TWO names:
grass
hawk
Autotroph
Producer
rabbit
Heterotroph
Consumer
snake
Heterotroph
Consumer
Heterotroph
Consumer
8. What happens to energy as you move from the bottom trophic level to the top of an
ecological pyramid? Decreases
9. What happens to biomass as you move from the bottom trophic level to the top of an
ecological pyramid? Decreases
10. What TYPICALLY happens to the number of organisms as you move from the bottom
trophic level to the top of an ecological pyramid? Decreases
11. What happens to the energy that is not passed on to the next trophic level or used for life
processes? Decreases It is eliminated (gotten rid of) as _____heat____________.
Nutrient Cycles
12. Matter is recycled in the biosphere because organisms do not use it up, but transform and
recycle it. However, energy flows in one direction.
13. List the two ways in which water enters the atmosphere. Evaporation and
transpiration
14. Water falls back down to earth’s surface as precipitation
15. What organism performs Nitrification and Denitrification in the Nitrogen cycle? Bacteria
16. List two ways in which carbon is released into the atmosphere. Volcanic eruptions,
photosynthesis, respiration, and burning fossil fuels
17. List the main way in which carbon is removed from the atmosphere. Photosynthesis
18. How do humans upset the balance of carbon in the atmosphere? Burning fossil fuels,
cutting down trees
Succession
19. Primary succession takes place on bare rock and Secondary succession starts on soil.
20. Forest fires and farming cause Secondary succession and volcanos and glaciers melting
cause Primary succession.
21.
What type of succession is shown in the picture? Primary
List the pioneer species from the picture. Lichen
List the climax community from the picture. Beech and sugar maple
Ecological Interactions
22. An organism’s job description or role in the ecosystem is called its niche.
Name the interactions term
Competition
Example
Two lions fighting over a hyena to eat
Predation
A cat eating a mouse
Types of Symbiosis-
A sea anemone and a clownfish (clownfish is
1. Mutualism
provided with protection and sea anemone is
provided with food)
2. Commensalism
3. Parasitism
A whale and a barnacle (barnacle gains food
and a free ride and whale is unaffected)
A dog and a tick (tick gains blood
(nutrients) and dog gets harmed)
Biomes and Adaptations
23. What is an adaptation? A trait or characteristic that helps an organism _____________
and _______________________ in its environment.
24. Fill in the correct tropism next to its definition.
____Thigmo_______tropism is the growth of a plant in response to touch.
_____Photo ______tropism is the growth of a plant in response to light.
_____Geo______tropism is the growth of a plant in response to gravity.
25. Explain the difference between camouflage and mimicry, and HOW an organism uses
these things to survive. Camouflage helps an organisms blend into its environment.
Mimicry allows an organism to copy the coloring of a poisonous organism to trick
predators.
26. What is a Biome? List the 6 major land biomes.
Biome 1 Rainforest
Biome 2 Deciduous Forest
Biome 3 Grassland/Savanna
Biome 4 Desert
Biome 5 Tundra
Biome 6 Taiga
27. Label the following descriptions with the correct land biome:
a) Tundra: receives little precipitation, has harsh winters, has permafrost, short
summers, and typical life includes mice, deer, wolves, and stunted shrubs.
b) Desert: has little rainfall poor soil, organisms adapted to harsh conditions, and
typical life includes lizards, jackrabbits, and cacti.
c) Rainforest: receives large amounts of rain, is very humid, is always warm, and has
the greatest biodiversity of life.
Populations
28. What is a population? A group of the same species in the same area
29. What is population density? The number of organisms in an area
30. What type of growth does the graph above show? Exponential Growth
31. What type of curve is this called? J Curve
32. What type of growth does the graph above show? Logistic Growth
33. What type of curve is this called? S Curve
34. What is the definition of carrying capacity? The maximum number of organisms an
ecosystem can successfully handle (like an elevator) What is it on the graph above?
35. Label each of the following limiting factors as Density Dependent or Density
Independent.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Emigration occurs and organisms compete Dependent
Natural Disasters Independent
Human Activity such as deforestation Independent
Weather Independent
Predation Dependent
Parasitism and Disease Dependent
36. Greenhouse Gases” are gases that trap the sun’s rays in the atmosphere instead of
reflecting them back into space. This causes the temperature on earth to increase. The
warming of earth because of these gases is called GLOBAL WARMING
37. Draw what happens to the sun’s rays during the greenhouse effect.
38. Biomagnification: the concentration of pesticides and other harmful chemical pollutants
increase as you move up a food chain. This means a tertiary consumer will have the
most pollution in their system than a producer.