Download Reproduction - St John Brebeuf

Science 9 Unit 2 pack:
Reproduction
Name______________________________
Ch 4: The Nucleus
Ch 5: Mitosis
Ch 6: Meiosis
Students will develop an
understanding of the
processes of cell division as
they pertain to reproduction.
0
Section 4.1: The Function of the Nucleus within the Cell
Pages________
By the end of section 4.1 you should be able to understand the following:
� Chromosomes contain genes that store the information to make proteins
� Chromosomes are found within the nucleus of the cell
� Proteins control the activities of cells
� Ribosomes make proteins by using the message carried from the nucleus by RNA
Words to
Know
Drawing
Definition/Description/Function
DNA
chromosome
gene
nucleolus
nucleus
chromatin
1
Words to
Know
Drawing
Definition/Description/Function
(No Drawing)
protein
ribosome
NOTES
1. Draw and label a plant cell with the following organelles: cell wall, cell membrane,
cytoplasm, nucleus, nucleolus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body,
mitochondria, vacuole.
2. How does DNA
contribute to the role
of the nucleus as the
control centre of the cell?
3. What is the role
of genes in protein
production in the cell?
2
Section 4.2: Mutation
____________
Pages
By the end of section 4.2 you should be able to understand the following:
� Gene mutations can change the order of DNA bases
� Gene mutations can have positive, negative or neutral effects on an organism
� Mutations can occur spontaneously during DNA replication, or can be caused by mutagens
� Gene therapy is a method of mutation correction
Words to Know
Definition
Example
gene mutation
gene therapy
mutagen
negative
mutation
neutral
mutation
positive
mutation
3
1. What are the types
of gene mutations?
Define each and
include an example.
2. What are the different
possible effects of
mutation?
3. What is a mutagen?
Give three examples.
4. Create a flow chart
to describe the steps
involved in
gene therapy.
4
Section 5.1: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis
Pages
______
By the end of section 5.1 you should be able to understand the following:
� There are three stages to the cell cycle
� Mitosis has four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
� Checkpoint proteins govern whether or not the cell cycle proceeds
� Checkpoint protein errors can result in cancer
Words to
Know
Definition
cancer
cell cycle
cytokinesis
interphase
mitosis
replication
spindle fibres
5
1. Name and draw each stage of the cell cycle
ANNNNND…
Describe what happens during each stage.
3. What is cytokinesis
and why is it important?
4. a) Describe what is
meant by a checkpoint
in the cell cycle.
b) What might happen if
there were no
checkpoint proteins?
c) Under what 3
circumstances will a
checkpoint protein order
the repair or destruction
of a cell?
6
2. Name and describe
the four stages of mitosis
7
Section 5.2: Asexual Reproduction
Pages___________
By the end of section 5.2 you should be able to understand the following:
� Asexual reproduction produces offspring genetically identical to the parent
� There are several forms of asexual reproduction, including fission, budding, fragmentation, vegetative,
and spore formation
� Cloning methods can be used to produce organisms with desired traits
Words to Know
Definition
___________________
A. identical genetic copy of a parent
___________________
B. requires only one parent to reproduce
___________________
C. single-celled organism replicates its genetic
material and divides in two
___________________
D. an outgrowth of an individual that develops into a
new individual
___________________
E. when parts break off due to injury and develop
into new individuals
___________________
F. plants use special cells that form structures which
develop into an identical plant
___________________
G. produced by fungi, these develop into new
organisms by mitosis
___________________
H. cells that have the potential to become many
different types of cells
8
1. Name and describe
the 5 types of
asexual reproduction.
Include an example
And a drawing
for each.
9
2 a) What are the
advantages of
asexual reproduction?
List as many as
possible.
b) What are the
disadvantages of
asexual reproduction?
List as many as
possible.
3. What are two types
of cloning, and how are
they done?
10
Section 6.1: Meiosis
_____
Pages
By the end of section 6.1 you should be able to understand the following:
� Meiosis produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes as body cells
� Meiosis occurs in two parts, meiosis I and meiosis II
� Meiosis creates variation in organisms through the shuffling of genetic information in meiosis I
� Mutations can occur during meiosis and can cause genetic disorders
Words to Know
Definition
diploid number
embryo
fertilization
gametes
genetic diversity
haploid number
homologous chromosomes
sexual reproduction
zygote
1. What is the difference
between haploid and
diploid?
2. What is the difference
between a gamete
and an embryo?
11
3. Name, draw, label, and describe the different stages of meiosis. (see p. 199)
1.
Meiosis I
2.
3.
4.
5. Interkinesis
6.
Meiosis II
7.
8.
9.
10. Cytokinesis
12
4. a) What is crossing
over?
b) How does crossing
over affect the results
of meiosis I?
5. a) What is independent
assortment?
b) How does
independent
assortment affect the
results of meiosis I?
c) how many different
zygotes are possible
from one egg and
sperm?
6. What 3 things can
happen to a
chromosome to cause
a chromosome
mutation during
meiosis?
Draw examples for
each.
5. What is a karyotype
and how is it performed?
13
Section 6.2: Sexual Reproduction
Pages
_________
By the end of section 6.2 you should be able to understand the following:
� Mating, fertilization, and development are the stages of sexual reproduction
� Fertilization in sexual reproduction can occur internally or externally
� Embryonic development is the early development of an organism
Words to Know
Definition
differentiation
embryonic
development
external fertilization
internal fertilization
mating
1. What are the 3
stages of sexual
reproduction?
Describe what
happens in each
stage.
2. Name and describe
the two methods of
fertilization.
Give an example for
each.
14
3. What are the
advantages and
disadvantages of
external fertilization?
Advantages
Disadvantages
Advantages
Disadvantages
Give an example for
each point.
4. What are the
advantages and
disadvantages of
internal fertilization?
Give an example for
each point.
15
5. Draw and describe
The following stages of
embryonic
development.
(Be sure to mention if
there is cell
specialization)
a) zygote:
b) 4 Cell Stage
c) Morula
d) Blastula
e) Gastrula
5. Name the three
trimesters.
For each, state
which developments
occur at this time.
16
3. What are the
advantages and
disadvantages of
sexual reproduction
over asexual
reproduction?
Advantages
Disadvantages
Give an example for
each point.
17