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Cell Cycle and Division Exam – study guide Cell Cycle (cell cycle packet) Phases of the cell cycle in order and what happens in each Interphase G1 S G2 Mitosis Cytokinesis When does DNA replication occur? Mitosis (cell cycle packet, mitosis vs. meiosis venn diagram) Phases of mitosis and what happens in each phase. What is the product of mitosis? Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase How many chromosomes are in a cell, does the number of chromosomes change? Article on Cancer and mutations o What is cancer and what causes it? o What causes mutations? o How is cancer passed down to children? Meiosis (meiosis note sheet, crossing over sheet, mitosis vs. meiosis venn diagram) Know the phases of meiosis – Meiosis I and Meiosis II – both go through PMAT twice How do the chromosomes change? 2n 1n What is split during meiosis I? Meiosis II? What produces genetic variation in offspring? How many gametes/sex cells are produced? Be able to list differences between mitosis and meiosis Sexual vs. Asexual Reproduction (sexual vs. asexual venn diagram) Advantages to sexual reproduction Advantages to asexual reproduction Disadvantages to asexual reproduction Be able to describe why sexual reproduction is more advantageous over asexual reproduction Vocabulary (you have most of these in your cell cycle packet) Prophase: First stage of mitosis; chromatin coils into visible chromosomes Metaphase: Second stage of mitosis: Chromosomes move to the equator; chromatids are attached by centromeres Anaphase: Third stage of mitosis; centromeres split and chromatid pairs are pulled apart Telophase: Final phase of mitosis; nuclear membrane begins to reappear; new cells prepare for their new independent existence Interphase: Stage of the cell cycle that includes growth and DNA replication Mitosis: Division of the nuclear material; two new daughter cells formed that are identical to the mother Cytokinesis: Division of the cytoplasm Chromatin: Tangled mass of DNA and proteins; state of DNA during interphase Chromosome: Structure that contains DNA; appears right before cellular division and vanishes following cell division Centromere: Cell structure that joins two sister chromatids of a chromosome Spindle: Cell structures composed of microtubule fibers; “pull” apart sister chromatids Chromatid: Identical halves of a duplicated parent chromosome; held together by a centromere Asexual reproduction: production of offspring from one parent Sexual reproduction: production of offspring from two parent Genetic variation: genetic diversity in a species or group as a result of new gene combinations produced during reproduction