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SEXUAL REPRODUCTION WHAT IS SEXUAL REPRODUCTION • Sexual Reproduction in plants and animals is the union of two sex cells, called gametes to produce a new individual. • Sex cells from females are called eggs or ova • Sex cells from males are called sperm • The union of the sperm cell with the egg cell is called fertilization. • Sexual reproduction produces offspring that have some traits from one parent and some traits from the other. MEIOSIS • Gametes (sperm and eggs) are produced through a cell division process called Meiosis. • Meiosis is very similar to mitosis and has very similar steps but goes through the steps twice. • Meiosis has two parts: Meiosis 1 and Meiosis 2 • Both parts have the same phases as mitosis in the same order. • Meiosis 1 does not produce cells with the same genetic material- the chromosomes shake up and trade genetic material. • Meiosis 2 takes the mixed chromosomes and pulls them apart making the final germ cells. MITOSIS VS MEIOSIS • Mitosis produces two daughter cells that are exact copies and have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell • Meiosis produces four daughter cells that have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell • These gametes produced in meiosis only have half the number of chromosomes because they then meet another gamete and create a zygote with the other half of chromosomes. This zygote becomes an embryo (Baby) HERMAPHRODITES • A Hermaphrodite is an organism that can produce both male and female reproductive cells • Some Hermaphrodites can reproduce sexually with a partner or sexually by themselves through a process called self fertilization • Some can also change their sex to fit the needs of their environment SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS • We know they do a lot of asexual reproduction with spores and grafting but how does a plant sexually reproduce? • Plants have special parts for reproduction that serve similar functions to sexual reproduction in animals. • Video • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YqM6rgB_l_o • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ycl2E9r-_o • Self Pollination: occurs when the transfer is within the same plant • Cross Pollination: occurs when the pollen of one plant is carried to the stigma of another by wind, water, air or other animals WHY SEX? • There are advantages and disadvantages to the two reproductive strategies we have seen: • Asexual Reproduction: • Advantages? • Disadvantages? • Sexual Reproduction: • Advantages? • Disadvantages? NOW YOUR TURN SCIENCE 9: Read Text book Pages 27-34 Pg. 30 #1-4 Pg. 34 # 1, 3, 6, 8, 9, 11