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Name: _________________________________________ Date: ______________________ Period: ________ The End of the Civil War Life During Wartime African-Americans o By 1862, they could serve in the military. After ___________________________, large-scale enlistment. o They made up __________ of Northern population. By the end of the war, ___________ of the Union army was black. o The majority were former slaves. o They were for the most part accepted as soldiers, however, there was still discrimination. Served in ___________________________________________ commanded by white officers. They usually could not rise above the rank of ____________________. White Privates earned $13 a month plus $3.50 clothing allowance. Black Privates earned ___________ a month with no clothing allowance. Finally equaled in 1864. o Worked in garrisons They caught typhoid, pneumonia, malaria…etc. If captured they were executed, usually not held as ___________________________________. o If they were not killed, then soldiers found ways of putting some back into ______________. ___________________________, TN/1864 o Confederate troops shot more than _________ African-American prisoners and some whites as they begged for their lives. It was a massacre. War Affects Regional Economics 1. 2. 3. 4. Decline of the ______________________ system Inflation Federal tax _____________ Northern economy and ___________________ Southern economy. Southern Shortages o Food Drain of manpower and slaves working in fields. Meat became a once a week luxury. Prices skyrocketed In 1861, the average family spent $6.65 on food…in 1863, they spent ______________ a month. o Union blockade of Southern ports caused people to _______________________ goods into the North for exchange…trading with the enemy in order to survive. Northern Economic Growth Army needs supported ____________________. __________________ farmers bought goods to use on land. Wages did not keep up with prices. o Factory owners hired _________________________, _____________ blacks, __________________, and ______________ to work for lower wages. Standard of living declined. _________________________- paper money that was issued. o Confederacy had their own version. Women O’Farrell Replaced _______________ on farms and in city jobs. Obtained ___________________________________ jobs for the first time. Congress began collecting an __________________________ in 1863 to help pay for the war. Civil War Unit Powerpoint # 5 Name: _________________________________________ Date: ______________________ Period: ________ Life for soldiers on both sides… No garbage disposal or _____________________ in camps The armies tried to get soldiers to wash their hands and face every day and take a bath _______________ a week. Union troops practically lived on beans, bacon, and ________________________. Confederate troops ate “_________________” Civil War Medicine U.S. __________________________ Commission: o Improve _________________________ conditions of army camps o Recruit and train _____________________ Sent out agents to teach soldiers how to avoid contaminating __________________ supplies. Developed hospital trains and ships to transport wounded men from battlefield. o ____________________ Dix: o Nation’s first superintendent of women nurses. o Some _______________________ women served as nurses. o Clara ____________________- “Angel of the Battlefield” helped soldiers on the front lines of ________________________. The Confederacy did not have a Sanitary Commission but they did have nurses Prisons Conditions were worse than camps. Confederate prison-____________________________, Georgia. o _____________________men into _________ acres or about _____________________ per person. o They drank from the same river they used the bathroom in. o ____________ of the prisoners died. Camp commander, __________________________________ (eventually executed as a war ________________) Union prisons such as ____________________________ were only slightly better. o Men slept in barracks but had adequate food. o Hundreds suffered from _____________________ and dysentery. Battle of ________________________________, Virginia o May, 1863 o South defeated the North o Lee outmaneuvered General ___________________________________ and the Union forces retreated. General Stonewall ___________________________ returned from patrol on May 2. He was shot in the left arm. o He died from pneumonia a couple of weeks later. Lee wanted to invade the North. He crossed into Maryland and continued into ____________________________. North Takes Charge O’Farrell _______________________________, Pennsylvania o July 1-3, 1863 o _________________________________ of the Civil War. o Crippled the South Confederate soldiers led by General ___________. o While marching, they came across a couple of brigades of Union cavalry. Union soldiers led by General ____________________________________. o Sent his troops to back up the cavalry. Day 2: o ____________________ Union soldiers vs. _______________________ Confederates. o Lee gave orders to General _________________________ to attack a ridge held by the Union. o Colonel _____________________________ men from Maine successfully fought back. – His men began to run out of ammunition so he ordered a bayonet charge. – The Confederates began to surrender. Civil War Unit Powerpoint # 5 Name: _________________________________________ Date: ______________________ Period: ________ Day 3: o Both armies exchanged fire for __________ hours straight. People say it could be heard in Pittsburgh. o Longstreet reluctantly pushed forward along with General ___________________________ men to the center of the Union troops. (Pickett’s charge). Union losses=______________________ Confederate losses= ______________________ Vicksburg Grant was in Vicksburg, ____________________________ o It was one of two Confederate holdouts preventing the Union from taking the _________________ River. o 1863, Grant destroyed ___________________ to distract the Southern soldiers. o While distracted, Grant was able to get an infantry into Vicksburg. o Confederates surrendered on July 4th. o 5 days later, _______________________, Louisiana the other Confederate key to the River fell and the Confederacy was split in _______________. The Confederacy Wears Down The South is no longer able to fight… o Low on ammunition, supplies, food, men Confederate ____________________ deteriorated. o Some soldiers _____________________ after receiving letters from home about the lack of food and labor to work farms. General Grant appoints William Tecumseh ___________________ as commander of the military division of the Mississippi River. o Both believed in total war…fighting both the army and _____________________. Civilians helped produce food and weapons and were a major contributor to the war effort. Grant and Lee meet in Virginia Grant’s strategy: o Immobilize Lee’s army in VA while Sherman raided _____________________. o May, 1864- Grant threw his troops into battle after battle with Lee’s. ______________________________, Spotsylvania, Petersburg In just a little over 1 month, Union lost nearly ______________________ soldiers. Sherman’s _____________________________________ Sherman’s men occupied the transportation center of _____________________, Georgia. Sherman started marching Southeast through Georgia, leaving a path of destruction and living off the land. He went up through North Carolina destroying it like Georgia. He accumulated _____________________ _______________ _________________ willing to fight for the Union. Election of 1864_______________________________________________________________________________ Surrender at Appomattox March, 1865 Confederate President, Jefferson _________________ and his government abandon their capital, setting it on fire. Lee and Grant arranged a surrender on _________________________ in a Virginia village called ________________________________ Court House. The Civil War was finally over. The Legacy of the War O’Farrell The power of the Federal government ___________________: o Passed laws that gave more ___________________ over citizens, including an ___________________ and ________________. Economic changes: o ___________________________________- set up a system of federally chartered banks, set requirements for loans, and provided for bank inspections. Civil War Unit Powerpoint # 5 Name: _________________________________________ Date: ______________________ Period: ________ Union War cost- _______________________ o __________________ soldiers died, 275,000 wounded Confederate War cost- ______________________ o 260,000 soldiers died, ____________________ wounded _____________ Amendment- outlawed slavery. o Red ________________ Started by Clara Barton in 1881. Lincoln is Assassinated O’Farrell 5 days after the surrender at Appomattox, Lincoln and his wife, Mary attended a play at Ford’s theater in Washington. o John _______________________________, 26 year old actor, and Southern sympathizer o Shot Lincoln in the back of the head o He was captured and shot. Lincoln died the following morning, _________________________. o 1st President to be assassinated. o A funeral train carried Lincoln’s body from Washington to Springfield, IL in 14 days. o __________________________turned out to mourn him. Civil War Unit Powerpoint # 5