Download The War at Home and Establishing Peace

The War at
Home and
Establishing
Peace
The War at Home
 Wars
fueled the economic expansion in the
United States
 World War I and World War II led to great levels of
industrialization in the United States, increased
exports, increased agricultural production, and
moved the economy out of recession/depression
The War at Home
 War
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Industries Board – Bernard M. Baruch
mass production
quotas on production
allocated raw materials – production
went up about 20%
fuel was monitored
daylight savings time
The War at Home
 Economy
1.
2.
3.
wages went up – but housing , fuel, food
were up also
strikes during war months
National Labor Board – workers who
refused to work would lose their draft
exemption.
The War at Home
 Food
Administration
1.
2.
produce
conserve
 War
1.
2.
3.
financing
progressive
income tax
liberty loan
victory loan
bonds
The War at Home
 Committee
on
Public Information
(CPI) George Creel
 Propaganda
–
biased
communication
designed to
influence people’s
thoughts and
actions.
The War at Home
Anti-immigrant
• Germans lost jobs
• Violence against German Americans
– flogged
– tar & feather
– lynched
– changed names of anything that was from German decent
• cities
• food
• animals
The War at Home

Espionage and Seditions
Acts

Soon after declaring war
on Germany and its allies in
1917, Congress passed the
Espionage Act and
declared that the U.S. mail
could not be used for
sending any material
urging "treason, insurrection
or forcible resistance to any
law." It punished offenders
with a fine of up to $5,000
and a five-year prison term.
The War at Home
A
person could be fined and put in jail if disloyal or
abusive about the government or war effort.
1.
2.
Eugene Debs – put in jail for 10 years
Bill Hayward – put in jail for urging workers to strike
The War at Home
 Great
North
Migration – Southern blacks moving to the
 Why?
 To
find wartime jobs in the factories north and
escape the discrimination in the south.
The War at Home
 Women
1.
2.
3.
4.
in War – (non – traditional jobs)
railroad workers
bricklayers
dockworkers
shipbuilding
 ****they
also held the traditional jobs for women****
 Women still did not receive equal pay for the jobs
performed
The War at Home
Flu Epidemic – killed 500,000 Americans and as many
as 30 million world wide
1918 was a bad year…..but at least the war ended!
Plans for Peace after World War I
FOURTEEN POINTS PLAN
•
Woodrow Wilson – Plan to end WWI was called the
Fourteen Points.
Plans for Peace after World War I
•
President Wilson’s plan to ensure that peace would last;
included provisions for the reduction of armaments,
freedom of the seas, end to secret alliances, removal of
trade barriers, self-determination for nation-states, and
international cooperation through an international
body (the League of Nations).
Plans for Peace after World War I
 The
primary goal of the League of Nations was to
provide a forum for countries to resolve their
grievances without having to resort to war, thus,
helping keep the United States from being led into
another war.
Plans for Peace after World War I
 Opponents
in the U.S. Congress argued that
participation in the League of Nations would pull
the United States into unnecessary military
commitments (entangling alliances). Many in
Congress believed that U.S. involvement in the
League of Nations would lead to U.S. involvement in
economic and military action without the direct
consent of Congress (taking power away from
Congress).
Plans for Peace after World War I
 Ultimately
isolationist sentiments prevailed and the
Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles to
avoid participation in the League of Nations.
Plans for Peace after World War I
U.S. participation in
international organizations
and treaties
 Pros





Influence international
policy
Protect American interest
Protect American Security
Assist other countries
Cons


Potential loss of American
Sovereignty
Potential loss of American
Security
Plans for Peace after World War I
****The Big Four rejected the Fourteen Points****
 Big




Four
United States
Great Britain
France
Italy
Instead the Big Four adopt and sign the Treaty of
Versailles.
Plans for Peace after World War I
TREATY OF VERSAILLES
 French and British
leaders seemed
more concerned
with punishment of
Germany, resulting in
a treaty that
imposed severe
sanctions on
Germany including
reparation payments.
Plans for Peace after World
War I
TREATY OF VERSAILLES
 Established new political
boundaries in Europe.
Additional treaties
divided the Middle East,
ended the AustrianHungarian Empire and
the Ottoman Empire and
resulted in increased
involvement of British and
French in the Middle East
and later the United
States as allies of the
British and French
Germany in 1918 and its territorial losses
Plans for Peace after World War I
TREATY OF VERSAILLES
 By 1919 American support for isolationism regained
popularity after fighting in a war that seemed to
have brought little gains for Americans.