Download Classification of Matter slides

Today- 10/4/11
Agenda
Expectations
Collect Labs
Introduction to Matter
Announcements
 Work quietly and efficiently
Take notes in the note section of
your notebook
Find your new seat…Chart is in the Front
Solve this Problem:
The density of quartz mineral was determined by
adding a weighed piece to a graduated cylinder
containing 51.2mL water. After the quartz was
submerged, the water level was 65.7mL. The
quartz piece weighed 38.4g. What was the density
of the quartz?
Matter
Standard 5
Understand the structure of an atom in
terms of its subatomic particles; isotopes
and ions; differentiate between the
classification and separation of matter
(mixtures, pure substances…)
Matter
Matter: Anything that has mass
and takes up space.
Atoms
Building blocks of matter.
Contains subatomic particles:
Electrons
Neutrons
Protons
Subatomic Particles
Protons and electrons are the only particles
that have a charge.
Protons and neutrons have essentially the same
mass.
The mass of an electron is so small we ignore
it.
Symbols of Elements
Resulting Charge
Mass number (number of
protons plus neutrons)
Atomic number (number of
protons)
C
12
6
Symbol of the Element
Elements are symbolized by one or
two letters.
Atomic Number
Resulting Charge
Mass number (number of
protons plus neutrons)
Atomic number (number
of protons)
C
12
6
Symbol of the Element
All atoms of the same element
have the same number of protons
Atomic Mass
Resulting Charge
Mass number (number of
protons plus neutrons)
Atomic number (number of
protons)
C
12
6
Symbol of the Element
The mass of an atom in atomic mass
units (amu) is the total number of
protons and neutrons in the atom.
Determining Electrons
Resulting Charge
Mass number (number of
protons plus neutrons)
Atomic number (number of
protons)
C
12
6
Symbol of the Element
In elements the # of protons = the # of electrons, so the
element is electrically neutral and no charge is shown.
However atoms can gain or lose electrons to become
ions and the resulting charge is shown.
Isotopes
•Atoms of the same element with different
masses.
•Isotopes have different numbers of neutrons.
11
C
6
12
C
6
13
C
6
14
C
6
Practice
Symbol
115
49
# of
Protons
# of
Electrons
Net
Charge
In
79
17
74
8
75
33
# of
Neutrons
As
3+
16
2-
36
States of Matter
Deposition
Sublimation
Classification of Matter
Classification of Matter
Classification of Matter
Classification of Matter
Classification of Matter
Classification of Matter
Classification of Matter
Classification of Matter
Classification of Matter
Classification of Matter
Properties and
Changes of Matter
Properties of Matter
• Physical Properties:
□ Can be observed without changing a
substance into another substance.
• Boiling point, density, mass, volume, etc.
• Chemical Properties:
□ Can only be observed when a substance is
changed into another substance.
• Flammability, corrosiveness, reactivity with
acid, etc.
Changes of Matter
• Physical Changes:
□ Changes in matter that do not change the
composition of a substance.
• Changes of state, temperature, volume, etc.
• Chemical Changes:
□ Changes that result in new substances.
• Combustion, oxidation, decomposition, etc.
Chemical Reactions
In the course of a chemical reaction, the
reacting substances are converted to new
substances.
Chemical Separation of Matter
Electrolysis
Compounds can be
broken down into
more elemental
particles.
Physical
Separation of
Mixtures
Distillation:
Separates
homogeneous
mixture on the basis
of differences in
boiling point.
Filtration:
Separates solid
substances from
liquids and solutions.
Chromatography:
Separates substances on the basis of
differences in solubility in a solvent.