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MEDICATION
ADMINISTRATION
Topic 2
TERMINOLOGY
INDICATIONS
An illness or
disorder for which
a drug has a
documented
specific
usefulness.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
A factor that makes dangerous or
undesirable the administration of a drug
or the performance of an act or
procedure in the care of a specific
patient.
SIDE EFFECT
A side effect occurs when a medication
causes unintended, secondary effects (
that may be predictable ) Side effects
may be harmless or injurious. If the side
effects are serious enough to negate the
beneficial effects of medication’s
therapeutic action, the prescriber may
discontinue the medication.
ADVERSE
REACTIONS/AFFECTS
These are generally unexpected effects of the
medication. They may be related to the
pharmacological effect or they may be
related to the individual taking the
medication.
The trade name, brand name or
proprietary name is the name under which
a manufacturer markets a medication
Is the name by which the chemist
knows it, it provides an exact
description of the drug’s chemical
composition.
Is the name given by the manufacturer
who first developed the drug. To
prevent confusion and to reduce
medication errors, medication orders
should be written using the generic
name
Lets look at an example
D – (- ) –a amino – r – benzyl penicillin
trihydrate
Amoxycillin trihydrate
Alphamox, Cilamox, and Amoxyn.
THERAPEUTIC EFFECT
The therapeutic effect of the drug is the
intended use of the drug, that is , its
desired effect.
E.g. Panadol for a headache, the
therapeutic effect is pain relief.
All health facilities should have as part
of their quality improvement programs
a system in place or reporting
medication errors. Please check
where these are kept.
 Pharmacology – the science of the action of
drugs on the body
 Pharmacodynamics – the biochemical &
physiological effect of drugs
 Pharmacokinetics – the movement of drugs in the
body
 Toxicology – the scientific study of poisons
 Agonists – drugs that produce a predictable
response
 Antagonists – a drug that exerts an
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opposite action to that of another
Interaction – when one drug modifies the
action of another
Stability – maintenance of a constant
state despite adverse conditions
Compatability – a drug’s ability to be
administered without effect on another
Precautions – actions to be taken prior
to avoid risk/ensure a good result
 Action - the accomplishment of an effect
 Dosage – the determination & regulation
of the size, frequency, & no. of doses
Administration – the giving out
 Drug – any medicinal substance
 Overdose – administration of an excessive
dose
 Dispensing – to make up & give out
Ac = before meals
Bid/bd = twice a day
h= hour
pc= after meals
prn= whenever there is a need /
when necessary
m = mane
n = nocte
IV = intravenous
SC = subcutaneous
IM = intramuscular
mist = mixture
asap = as soon as possible
qqh = every 4 hours
po = by mouth ( orally )
qid= four times a day
tds= three times a day
q2h= every 2 hours
q4h=every 4 hours
stat=give immediately