Download File - Drama Class Spring 2013

Seating Chart World History
Aniya
h
Derric
k
Tabith
a
Tia
Keijua
n
Capria
Brion
na
Anika
Teacher
Desk
Monday, Jan 30 : Identify the
roots of Greek civilization and
recognize its achievements from
the Minoan era through the
Hellenistic period.
What characteristics of
change lead to the
development of Greece?
http://www.britannica.co
m/EBchecked/media/844
48/Ancient-Greekcivilization-began-withthe-rise-of-severalindependent
• Hand back Student Work/Folders &
Organize:
• How did the Minoans and
Mycenaean's shape early Greek
civilization?
– Minoans
– Mycenaean's
– Dorian’s
• Essential Questions : How did
government and culture develop as
city- states grew?
– Complete Note taking activity. You
may only work with the people at
YOUR ASSIGNED DESK.
• Homework: Complete Reading
Chapters 3 -4 History of the World
in 6 Glasses & Begin thinking about
the Parthenon.
Tuesday, Jan 31 : Identify the
roots of Greek civilization and
recognize its achievements
from the Minoan era through
the Hellenistic period.
http://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=Q7wfZqm3IW8
What does this
Video say about the
Greeks?
Complete
Remainder of the
worksheet for
tomorrow
• Time Capsule Assignment:
http://www.ancientgreece.co.uk/men
u.html
• Take notes using the British
Museum's site for Greece
• Research Life in Greece for Both Men,
and Women
• Sparta verse Athens
• Philosophy
• Art
• Literature
• Geography
• Gods & Goddess
• What would you put in a Time
Capsule for future generations? Why?
Spears from the
Great City of Troy
Famous Greek vase: 'Achilles kills
Penthesileia' from Trojan War times
Birth of Athena: Pottery
Wednesday, Feb 1: Identify the
roots of Greek civilization and
recognize its achievements from
the Minoan era through the
Hellenistic period.
http://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=Q7wfZqm3IW8
What does this
Video say about the
Greeks?
Complete
Remainder of the
worksheet for
tomorrow
• 30 minutes Reading Time: History of
the World in 6 Glasses
•
•
•
•
Review Time Capsules
Map of Greece
Democracy
Conflict:
http://www.history.com/videos/thepeloponnesian-war#thepeloponnesian-war
• Do Not Forget: Questions for
Chapters 3 & 4 Are Due: Friday,
February 7 (New Date) Questions
Delayed
Overview of Greece
•
Physical Setting
– Northeast End of the Mediterranean
– Consists of Small Peninsulas
– Geography
• Short mountain ranges cut through mainland
• Separate communities
• Prevents Unity among Greeks
– No clear river system
• No unifying meeting place
• Prevents Unity
– Mild climate, good soil, sufficient rainfall
• Farmers can grow grain, grapes, olives
• Sheeps, Goats raised in mountains
• Not enough to live on
The Predecessors of the Greeks
•
The Minoans
– Existed on Crete before Greek Civilization
– Legendary in Greek culture, verified in 1900 AD
• Archaeologists discover Knossos (palace of King
Minos)
• Ruins, artifacts discovered since back up finding
• Characteristics
– Writing: “Linear A” (Not been deciphered yet), “Linear
B” (early form of Greek)
• Well established by 2000 BC
– Art: created Frescoes (Wall paintings on plaster)
• Dominated the Aegean Islands
– 1500 BC: Volcano destroys much of Minoan civilization
The Palace of King Minos
King Minos’ palace:
built as a labyrinth
legendary home of the Minotaur
Outside King Minos’ palace today
King Minos' governmental throne
room.
The Mycenaeans
• 2000 BC: Groups from the North (IndoEuropean)
• Culture develops around 1600 BC-1200
BC
• Warlike group, conquered other areas
• Conquered Crete, adopted much of
Minoan civilization
• 1200 BC: Earthquakes destroy much of
civilization
The palace in
Mycenae was
surrounded by
massive walls
with a huge
gateway called
the Lion Gate
Mycenaen Civilization
• Palaces in the city of Mycenae
– served as the centers for government and
economy
• Government
– Role of Tax collectors:
• kept track of the wealth of the people living in
the kingdom
• collected taxes on: wheat, livestock, honey etc.
Mycenaen Civilization
• Economy
– tanned leather, sewed clothes, made jars for
honey and olive oil, created bronze shields etc.
• What did they learn from the Minoans?
– used Minoan architecture as a model for their
palaces
– Metalworking--------shipbuilding
– navigation------lead by the sun and stars
– Religion- worshipped Earth Mother
Mycenaen Civilization
• Why does the civilization come to an end?
– Two Theories:
1. Infighting amongst the kingdoms
2. Invasion by the Dorians
Dorians
• Came in armed with iron weapons
• called the “dark age”:
– Why?
• Trade ended, poverty increased, literacy declined
• refugees fled to Ionia
• 750 B.C.- reintroduced culture, crafts, etc.
• Founding of Hellenic Civilization
– 700’s B.C.- 350 B.C.
The Importance of Geography
•
Geography encourages trade
– Long coastline allows all of mainland to be near
sea
– Islands surrounding have many good harbors
•
Question: What types of occupations might
Greek citizens develop?
– (Farmers, fishermen, sailors, traders, explorers)
Cultural Interaction
Democratic principles and classical culture
flourished during Greece’s golden age.
Why is it important today?!?!?
At its height, Greece set lasting standards in art,
politics, literature, and philosophy that are still
influential today.
Setting the Stage…….
• For 50 years (477-431 BC) Athens grew intellectually and
artistically = Golden Age of Athens
• Achievements in:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Drama
Sculpture
Poetry
Philosophy
Architecture
Science
Definition
• Democracy derives
from the ancient
Greek,
“demokratia”:
– demos = the
people
– kratien = to rule
Definition
• Meant to distinguish the idea that it is the
people collectively, not any class, family, or
group that rules
Definition
Other types of government derived from
Greek base:
Aristocracy:
Monarchy:
Oligarchy:
Timocracy:
Tyranny:
Rule by the best
Rule by one person
Rule by the wealthy
Rule by the honorable
Rule by the rulers, for the
rulers
Democratic Rule
• For “The People” to rule we need:
– Equality
–
how dow we define that?
– Freedom
– how dow we define that?
– Engagement
– what type? and how?
Athenian
Democracy
Citizens: male, 18 years old,
born of citizen parents
Laws voted on and proposed
directly by assembly of all
citizens
US Democracy
Both
Political power exercised
by citizens
Leader chosen by lot
Three branches of
government
Executive branch composed
of a council of 500 men
Legislative branch passes
laws
Juries varied in size
Executive branch carries
out laws
No attorneys; no appeals,
one-day trials
Judicial branch conducts
trial with paid jurors
Citizens: Born in US or
completed citizenship
process
Representatives elected to
propose and vote on laws
Elected President
Executive branch made up
of elected and appointed
officials
Juries composed of 12
jurors
Defendants and plaintiffs
have attorneys; on appeals
process
GOAL 1: Strengthen Democracy
• Increased # of paid public officials
• Having paid officials meant even poor could
serve if elected or chosen by lot
• Direct Democracy: form of government in
which citizens rule directly and not through
representatives
Pericles
• Pericles (c. 485-429 BCE)
• Legendary Athenian
leader
• Champion of the arts
and sciences, and
renowned
military/political leader
• Led Athens into the
Peloponnesian War
Pericles’ Plan for Athens
• leader of Athens through Golden Age
• 461-429 BC, aka Age of Pericles
• 3 GOALS
– (1) strengthen democracy
– (2) hold and strengthen empire
– (3) glorify Athens
Pericles
• Peloponnesian War (431-404 BCE) pits
Sparta and its allies against Athens
Peloponnesian War
Goal 2: Hold and Strengthen Empire
• Delian League formed after Persian War. Athens took
over leadership = dominated all city-states in it
• Used $$$ from League to build up Athenian Navy
• Athens needed trade (waterways) to obtain grain and
raw materials to support the city-state
• Athens military strength=Pericles treated members of
league as part of an empire
• Peloponnesus city-states resisted (Ex. Sparta)
Goal 3: Glorify Athens
• Used $$$ from League to make Athens
beautiful
• Convinced Assembly to buy gold, ivory, and
marble with funds
• More $$$ was also needed to contract artist,
architects, and workers
Glorious Art and Architecture
• Goal: Greatest Greek artists/architects to
glorify Athens
• PARTHENON = center of his plans
Architecture and Sculpture: Parthenon
• Parthenon (temple)
– 23,000 sq foot building in tradition Greek design
– Built to honor Athena (Goddess of wisdom and
protector of Athens)
– Statue of Athena inside 30 ft tall
Architecture and Sculpture: Sculptors
• Graceful, strong, and perfect (ideal beauty)
• Faces only show serenity (no other emotion)
Architecture and Sculptures:
Classical Art
• Classical Art: ancient Greece ideal, in which
harmony, order, and proportion were
emphasized
Drama and History
• Greeks invented drama as an art form and
built the 1st theaters
• Civic Pride and Honor to Gods
– Wealthy put on productions
– Plays showed leadership, justice, and duties owed
to Gods
Tragedy
• Serious drama about love, hate, war, and/or
betrayal
• Tragic hero: important figure and gifted with
extraordinary ability
• Tragic flaw: hero’s downfall
• Sophocles: wrote 100 plays, Oedipus the King
• Euripides: Medea
Comedy
• Scenes with slapstick comedy and crude
humor
• Made fun of politics and respected people
• Satire:
• Aristophanes: Lysistrata in which women of
Athens try to force their husbands to end the
Peloponnesian War
History
• Recap: Dorian Age, no written records…had
works of Homer, but not considered accurate
• Herodotus: a Greek, living in Athens,
pioneered accurate reporting
– Book on Persian War = 1st history book
• Thucydides: believed certain events and
political situations recur over time = important
to write events down
Important Question?????
• Do you think that Thucydides was right in his
assertion that history sometimes repeats
itself??? YES OR NO…..
Athenians and Spartans Go to
WAR!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
• Athens = power, prestige, and power = other
city-states hostility
– SPARTA!!!
• Sparta declared war in 431 BC
Important Question?????
• What might have been Pericles’ goals in the
Peloponnesian War?
Peloponnesian War
• Athens = Navy
• Sparta = Army
• Pericles’ Strategy: avoid land battles and wait for a sea
opportunity
• Sparta marched into Athens territory
• Pericles had no other choice but to bring people into city walls
• City safe from hunger as long as ships could come into ports
• 2nd year of war PLAGUE outbreak in Athens, killing 1/3rd of
population and PERICLES!!!
• Athens still continued to fight for several years
• 421 BC signed a truce (worn out by war)
Peloponnesian War
•Spring 404,
Athens
surrenders
•Sparta forces
it to tear
down walls
•Remove
fortress
around
Pireaus (its
main port)
•Navy reduced
to 12 ships
Thursday, Feb 2: Identify the
roots of Greek civilization and
recognize its achievements
from the Minoan era through
the Hellenistic period.
30 minutes
Reading
History of the
World in 6
Glasses
• Notebook Test
• Philosophers
• Alexander the Great Takes
over the world
• Do Not Forget: Questions for
Chapters 3 & 4 Are Due:
Friday, February 7 (New Date)
Questions Delayed