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On Level: Complete the “KNOW and WANT” boxes graphic organizer about the Civil War: What do I KNOW? What do I WANT to know? What have I LEARNED? The American Civil War 1861-1865: The Cliff’s Notes Version LINCOLN IS ELECTED ! What party did Lincoln represent? Republican What was the main idea behind their party? Anti-slavery (mainly no expansion) How will the South react when Lincoln wins? SECESSION (withdrawal from the Union) South Carolina was the 1st The South forms the Confederacy = South = Gray = CSA Jefferson Davis Confederate President Jefferson Davis’ Inaugural Address “As a necessity, not a choice we have resorted to separation, and henceforth our energies must be devoted to the conducting of our own affairs, and perpetuating the Confederacy we have formed.” “(the South) merely asserted a right which the Declaration of Independence defined to be inalienable.” - Jefferson Davis - Government is formed by the consent of the governed - It is the right of the people to alter or abolish it - Separation was a “necessity, not a choice” - Wanted a peaceful secession necessity, not a choice The North remains the Union = North = Blue = USA Abraham Lincoln President Lincoln’s First Inaugural Address - Assured the South that he had no intention of abolishing slavery - Ended with an appeal to friendship not enemies, but friends “ We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained it must not break our bonds of affection.” - Abraham Lincoln Views On Secession South North • Believed union was created by the states Believed that the states DID NOT have the right to secede • The states had the right to leave the Union = STATES’ RIGHTS The FEDERAL government, not the state government was SUPREME North: 22 million people VS. South: 9 million (3.5 million = slaves) 85% of factories were in the North North: 71% of railroad mileage VS. South: 29% of railroad mileage ALL naval shipyards were in the North North: 92% of industrial workers VS. South: 8% of industrial workers The North and South Before the War NORTH • 22 million people • • More people to grow food and work in factories 85% of factories were in the North • Double the railroad mileage • All naval shipyards • Talented leader • • Abraham Lincoln Had to conquer a huge area of land to bring South back in the Union SOUTH • 9 million people • • • • • Few factories or means of production Fighting a defensive war at home Few railroads to move troops and supplies More talented generals • • 3.5 of those were slaves Robert E. Lee Short supply lines Strengths and Weaknesses video Start at 3:02 – 5:55 Strategies SOUTH: Hoped to fight a defensive war that North would grow tried of Hoped to use cotton to gain foreign support Oops: 1861 – European nations had surplus cotton, did not want to get involved in our war! Strategies NORTH: Pursued an offensive strategy based on Anaconda Plan Involved blockade of Southern coastline & gaining control of the Mississippi River “Squeeze the South’s economy like a giant anaconda snake.” Strategies of North and South Start at 5:55 – 8:03 NO JUMP START! BE READY TO GO WHEN THE BELL RINGS! Union Generals George McClellan Antietam Slow, too cautious Union Generals Ambrose Burnside Too slow Union Generals General Joseph Hooker Union disaster Incompetent Union Generals George Meade Failed to finish off Lee’s army Would Lincoln EVER find a winner to defeat Lee? And the winner is . ... General Ulysses S. Grant The Civil War Begins: Fort Sumter Lincoln had to decide what to do with federal forts that remained in the South Fort Sumter was in the harbor of Charleston, SC They were running low on supplies If Lincoln resupplied it, he risked war, but if he did not, he would be giving in • Confederacy attacks before the supplies arrive The first shots of the Civil war were fired on April 12, 1861 Fort Sumter video :14 – 3:02 Battle of Bull Run • Place: Manassas, VA • Date: 7/21/1861 • Casualties • • • Death total shocked both sides. This war would not easily be won • U- 2,896 • C- 1,982 Winner: Confederacy First sizable engagement of the war Northern civilians who rode out to see the battle had to flee back to Washington with panicked Union troops Video 8:49 – 11:20 • Place: Sharpsburg, MD • Date: 9/17/1862 • Casualties: • • • • • U- 12,401 • C- 10,138 Winner: Union Bloodiest day of the war Union victory forced Lee back to the South Gave Lincoln the good news he needed to issue the Emancipation Proclamation (from a place of strength) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2zVxOqSsx3A Battle of Antietam Video -Antietam 34: 11 – 36:26 Emancipation Proclamation • September 23, 1862 • Washington, D.C. • With victory at Antietam, Lincoln announces that on 1/1/63, all slaves in the rebelling states are free • • Does not affect border states Forces European nations to recognize that choosing sides in the Civil War is to take a stand on slavery Video: 36:26 – 37:07 38.19 – 40:18 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SUVkXthLz4w Today we will be using a Scavenger Hunt to complete our final Civil War events! We will spend the first half of class in the halls gathering information and the last half in class reviewing. You will need a writing utensil and your colored chart. You will be using anagrams to tell you where to go next. The rules are below: 1. Each group must start at the classroom written on their envelope. 2. After each event, the group must come check their work with me. 3. If your work is approved, the “messenger” pulls the next anagram clue. 4. This continues until you have reached all 6 rooms. We only have 20 minutes! Work fast! • Place: Gettysburg, PA • Date: 7/1-3 1863 • Casualties • U- 23,000+ • C- 28,000+ • Winner: Union • The turning point of the war • • • • After his earlier success Lee invaded the North again After trying to break the Union lines for two days he tries a frontal assault on the entrenched Union forces This fails and Lee retreats back to Virginia Never again would the South have a chance to win the war or threaten the North Battle of Gettysburg Gettysburg Address Dedication speech for National Cemetery “Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedication to the proposition that all men are created equal.” “…we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.” - Abraham Lincoln Battle of Vicksburg • Place: Vicksburg, Miss. • Date: 5/19-7/4/1863 • Casualties: • • • • • U- 9,000+ C- 9,000+; 30,000 prisoners Winner: Union Union gained control of the Mississippi River Split the Confederacy in two Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address • • • Wanted to avoid harsh treatment of the defeated Wanted to reunite the country Spoke about slavery being the cause of the War “With malice toward none; with charity for all; . . .let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation’s wounds” malice toward NONE! Lee Surrenders at Appomattox • Place: Appomattox, VA • Date: 4/9/1865 • Casualties • • U- 1,312 C- 8,200; 28,231 taken as prisoner • Winner: Union • Lee surrenders to Grant • Ended the Civil War • When he surrendered he had less than 10,000 soldiers left. Lincoln’s Assassination • Lee surrenders on 4/9/1865 • Lincoln is shot on 4/14 – dies on 4/15 • Shot by John Wilkes Booth- an actor who considered Lincoln a tyrant • Had he lived, he was prepared to forgive the South • Hoped to work together as a nation to achieve liberty, equality, and Union Discussion Questions • • • • • What effect will Lincoln’s death have on reconstruction? Why? What is tyranny? Was Booth correct to compare Lincoln to a tyrant? Why or why not? Monitor vs. Merrimack • • • • • • Date: March 1862 Place: Off Hampton Roads, Virginia (coastline) Winner: Draw First ironclad battle in history Ends in a draw as the Merrimac withdraws after daylong exchange of fire Union blockade of South is maintained 21:51 – 23:16 Video USS Monitor Officer Picture USS Monitor Crew Picture Notice the dents from cannon shells http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=DICi3uV9Tbo Minie ball Technology – 10 min