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G.9 History Semester I. Q&A Revision Chapter 13 Terms, People, and Places Complete each sentence by choosing the correct answer from the list of terms below. You will not use all of the terms. Patron Humanism Predestination Compromise Vernacular Utopian Indulgence Ghetto Heliocentric Hypothesis 1. Lorenzo de’ Medici was a _____ of the Florentine arts. Patron 2. Rabelais and Shakespeare wrote in the _____ to appeal to the common people. Vernacular 3. Calvin’s belief in _____ set him apart from Catholics. Predestination 4. Elizabeth’s sensible _____ helped keep England unified in the face of religious conflict. Compromise 1 5. Copernicus’s _____ theory of the universe challenged the accepted teachings of the Church. Heliocentric __________________________________________________________ Main Ideas Section 1 (pp. 410–417) 6. How did the new Renaissance worldview shape the work of Italian Renaissance artists and writers? Artists and writers adopted both a new realism and an emphasis on humanity. Section 2 (pp. 418–422) 7. What was the role of the printing press in spreading Renaissance ideas? It quickly spread the works of humanists and other Renaissance writers to a large audience. 8. How did northern European artists and writers apply Renaissance ideas in their work? Artists developed new techniques to paint more realistically; writers addressed the themes of humanism and wrote in the vernacular. Section 3 (pp. 423–427) 9. How did the Renaissance open the door to the Protestant Reformation? Renaissance thinkers began to question the Church as the sole source of truth, opening the way for people to question the Church on more specific issues as well. Section 4 (pp. 428–433) 10. Why did the Church respond with its Catholic Reformation? It needed to prevent large numbers of people from embracing Protestantism and thereby weakening the authority of the Church. 2 Section 5 (pp. 434–439) 11. How were the scientists of the Scientific Revolution influenced by Renaissance ideas? Scientists began to question accepted teaching, relying instead on their own observations and reasoning to get to the truth. Chapter Focus Question 12. How did the Renaissance shape European art, thought, and religion? Renaissance thought was profoundly affected by a new worldview that embraced curiosity, exploration, and the importance of humanity. Renaissance people remained religious, but they no longer accepted religious authority unquestioningly. Instead, they used their expanding knowledge in other fields to shape their own religious thinking. __________________________________________________________ Critical Thinking 13. Geography and History: How did Italy’s geography encourage the spread of the Renaissance? Italy’s Mediterranean location, between Europe and the East, encouraged trade. Trade, and with it a flow of new ideas and wealth, encouraged the development and spread of the Renaissance. 14. Analyze Information: In what ways was the Renaissance a break with medieval times? In what ways was it a continuation of medieval times? It broke with medieval times by questioning religious authority and by emphasizing the importance of the human world. It continued medieval ways by highly valuing religion and a sharply defined social structure. 15. Predict Consequences: Under what circumstances are religious beliefs likely to inspire anger or violence? Sample: When there is great uncertainty— whether financial, 3 social, or religious— people are more likely to feel threatened by those with different religious beliefs or ways of life. 16. Analyze Visuals: What Renaissance theme does the bas- relief below express? The importance of education 17. Test Conclusions: The Renaissance and Scientific Revolution are often described as eras of human progress. Evaluate whether this is an accurate description. Answers may agree with this description because great discoveries were made, advancing science and enriching art. Other answers may suggest that most people did not benefit greatly from the period’s advances and still lived in poverty. 18. Recognize Cause and Effect: Why did England escape the kinds of religious wars that tore apart other European nations? Queen Elizabeth’s efforts to make com- promises satisfied both Protestants and Catholics and averted religious warfare. 19. Synthesize Information An English author wrote, “The preaching of sermons is speaking to a few of mankind, but printing books is talking to the whole world.” How does this statement suggest a relationship between two of the key events discussed in this chapter? The Protestant Reformation could not have spread so quickly nor had such a great impact without the invention of the printing press. 4