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Astronomy 101, Final Review Name___________________________________________________________________ No notes, No books; You can use calculators Constants that you may need to know: c = 3 x 108 m/s 1 AU = 1.49 ×1011 meters 1 light year = 9.46 × 1015 meters h = 6.626 x 10-34 J●s G = 6.67 × 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 g = 9.8 m/s2 σ = 5.67 x 10-8 W m-2 K-4 mass of Earth = 5.97 × 1024 kg mass of Moon = 7.35 x 1022 kg radius of Earth = 6.38 × 106 m 1 nm = 1 x 10-9 meters mass of Sun = 1.99 x 1030 kg mass of Jupiter = 1.90 x 1027 kg radius of Jupiter = 7.15 × 107 m radius of Moon = 1.74 × 106 m 1) The Drake equation is used to … A) Estimate how many possible planets in our solar system may have life B) Estimate how many possible intelligent, communicating civilizations there are in our galaxy. C) Estimate how many possible intelligent, communicating civilizations there are in our universe D) Estimate how many possible organisms may have existed on Mars E) Estimate the size of our solar system’s habitable zone 2) Where is life most likely to exist on Mars today? A) Oceans on Mars B) Subsurface of Mars C).On the surface of Olympus Mons D) On the surface of Valles Marineris E) On the surface of Hellas Basin 3) Why is Europa thought to possibly harbor life? A) It has an iron core B) It has a magnetic field C) It may have an ocean beneath its icy surface D) It contains hematite on its surface E) It contains iron on its surface Astronomy 101, Final Review 4) The most common type of meteorite to fall on Earth are called … A) B) C) D) E) Ordinary chondrites Carbonaceous chondrites Eucrites Pallasites Howardites 5) The kinetic energy of a 100,000 kg asteroid travelling at 20 km/s is … A) B) C) D) E) 2 x 107 Joules 2 x 1013 Joules 4 x 108 Joules 8 x 108 Joules 8 x 1016 Joules 6) Why is Halley’s Comet named after Edmond Halley? A) He was the first person to see this comet B) He predicted that this comet would first appear in 1756 C) He discovered that this comet that he observed in 1682 had previously been observed in the sky in 1531 and 1607 D) He determined that this was a comet and not an asteroid E) He determined that this comet would reappear every two hundred years and when this comet reappeared in 1882, the comet was named after him 7) One goal of the Hayabusa Mission is to … A) B) C) D) E) Return a sample of Mars Return a sample of a comet Return a sample of an asteroid Return a sample of Venus Return a sample of Mercury 8) Which of the Jovian planets have rings? A) B) C) D) E) Only Jupiter and Saturn Only Saturn Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune Only Saturn and Uranus Only Saturn and Neptune Astronomy 101, Final 9) Venus’ atmosphere is primarily … A) B) C) D) E) N2 CO2 O2 O3 Ar 10) Caloris Basin is the result of an impact on the planet … A) Venus B) Mars C) Mercury D) Earth E) Jupiter 11) Which is a true statement about Phoenix? A) B) C) D) E) Phoenix did not return any data back to Earth from Mars Phoenix dug trenches on Mars to look for evidence of water Phoenix was a rover on Mars Phoenix was the first spacecraft to land on Mars Phoenix was launched by Russia to Mars 12) Mars’ North Pole is composed primarily of … A) B) C) D) E) Carbon dioxide with a coating of frozen nitrogen Water ice with a coating of carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide with a coating of frozen argon Frozen nitrogen with a coating of frozen lithium Hematite with a coating of sulfates 13) ALH 84001 was thought to contain … A) B) C) D) E) Evidence of ancient life on Mars Evidence of ancient life on Venus Evidence of oceans on Mars Evidence of rivers on Mars Evidence of oceans on Venus Review Astronomy 101, Final Review 14) Which two spacecrafts or landers had the primary goal of studying Venus? A) B) C) D) E) Venera 9 and Magellan Mariner 10 and Viking 1 Messenger and Viking 2 Galileo and Viking 2 Voyager 1 and Mariner 10 15) What has destroyed many of the craters that formed on Venus’ surface? A) B) C) D) E) The high atmospheric pressure Volcanic activity Erosion by water Erosion by ice The magnetic field of Venus 16) Put these planets in order from highest to lowest densities: Highest Lowest A) B) C) D) E) Mercury, Jupiter, Mars Mercury, Mars, Jupiter Mars, Mercury, Jupiter Mars, Jupiter, Mercury Jupiter, Mars, Mercury 17) Assume that 239U has a half-life of 23 minutes and decays into 239Np. You initially start with 400 grams of pure 239U. How many grams of 239U will you have in 92 minutes? A) 25 grams B) 50 grams C) 75 grams D) 100 grams E) 12.5 grams 18) Approximately how old is the Solar System? A) B) C) D) E) 3.6 billion years 6.8 billions year 13.7 billion years 4.6 billion years 5.7 billion years Astronomy 101, Final Review 19) Which gas is considered a greenhouse gas? A) Xe B) I C) He D) CO2 E) Ar 20) The two most abundant elements in the Sun are … A) oxygen and carbon. B) iron and hydrogen. C) nitrogen and oxygen. D) hydrogen and helium. E) iron and helium. 21) Plate tectonics describes … A) B) C) D) E) the large scale motions of Earth's asthenosphere. the large scale motions of Earth's lithosphere. The convection in the Earth’s core The capture of charged particles in the Van Allen Radiation belts The formation of the Moon’s crust 22) The transit method discovers planets around other stars by … A) B) C) D) E) Looking for decreases in the brightnesses of the stars Looking for Doppler shifts of spectral lines Looking for increases in the brightnesses of the stars Looking for collisions between the planets and the stars Looking for gamma-ray emissions from the planets 23) A large, dark, basaltic plain on Earth's Moon that was formed by an ancient basaltic flood eruption and caused by an extremely large asteroid impact is an example of a Lunar … A) B) C) D) E) Highland Mare Estuary Channel Eclipse Astronomy 101, Final Review 24) Which of these objects could potentially produce the largest doppler shifts on the spectral lines of a star? A) A planet with the mass of Earth that is 10 AU from the star B) A planet with the mass of Earth that is 1 AU from the star C) A planet with the mass that is twenty times that of Jupiter that is 0.1 AU from the star D) A planet with a mass that is twenty-five times that of Jupiter that is 0.2 AU from the star E) A planet with a mass that is thirty times that of Jupiter that is 0.5 AU from the star 25) What is the difference between a reflecting telescopes and a refracting telescope? A) Reflecting telescopes can only measure radio waves while refracting telescopes can only measure visible light. B) Reflecting telescopes uses mirrors to form an image while a refracting telescope uses a lens to form an image. C) Reflecting telescopes always use three mirrors to form an image while refracting telescopes always use two mirrors. D) Refracting telescopes can only be used in space. E) Reflecting telescopes uses a lens to form an image while a refracting telescope uses mirrors to form an image. 26) Put these parts of the electromagnetic spectrum in order from lowest frequency to highest frequency: Lowest Highest frequency A) B) C) D) E) Radio, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-ray, gamma-ray Gamma-ray, X-ray, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, radio Radio, visible, ultraviolet, X-ray, gamma-ray, infrared Gamma-ray, X-ray, ultraviolet, visible, radio, infrared Radio, X-ray, infrared, ultraviolet, visible, gamma-ray 27) Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum has the highest energy? A) B) C) D) E) Gamma-ray Ultraviolet light X-ray Radio waves Infrared light Astronomy 101, Final Review 28) As the temperature decreases for an object, the peak of the black-body radiation curve measured for the object moves to … A) B) C) D) E) lower intensities and longer wavelengths higher intensities and shorter wavelengths lower intensities and shorter wavelengths higher intensities and longer wavelengths does not change in intensity or in wavelength position 29) What is one advantage of putting a telescope on the Moon than on the Earth? A) The Moon-based telescope will be easier to fix. B) The Moon-based telescope will be closer to the objects it studies. C) You do not have to worry about the distorting effects of Earth’s atmosphere D) The Moon-based telescope will be cheaper to build. E) Your telescope on the Moon will not be struck by charged particles. 30) Somebody says that a spectrum of a star appears redshifted. What is happening to the star? A) B) C) D) E) The star is getting hotter The star is getting colder The star is moving towards you. The star is moving away from you The star is getting larger 31) A star is 20 light years from Earth. The star is moved so it is 5 light years from Earth. How will the apparent brightness of the star change? A) B) C) D) E) The apparent brightness will not change The apparent brightness will become twice as bright. The apparent brightness will become four times as bright The apparent brightness will become eight times as bright. The apparent brightness will become sixteen times as bright. 32) Isotopes of an element have different numbers of … A) B) C) D) E) Neutrons Protons Isotopes Neurons Neutrinos Astronomy 101, Final Review 33) The order of the planets from closest to farthest from the Sun is A) Mars, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune B) Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, Uranus C) Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune D) Mars, Venus, Earth, Mercury, Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune E) Venus, Mercury, Earth, Mars, Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune 34) Which of these planets takes the shortest time to travel one full orbit around the Sun? A) Mars B) Neptune C) Earth D) Venus E) Uranus 35) A body takes 5 years to make one orbit around the Sun. What is the body’s semimajor axis? A) 2.3 AU B) 25 AU C) 5 AU D) 2.9 AU E) 7.9 AU 36) The planet Mars never passes through which of these constellations as seen from Earth? A) Aries B) Capricorn C) Leo D) Orion E) Aquarius 37) What is the largest planet in the solar system? A) Uranus B) Saturn C) Jupiter D) Mars E) Venus Astronomy 101, Final Review 38) The planets, the Earth, and the Sun all tend to fall in the same plane called … A) perihelion. B) aphelion. C) the ecliptic. D) celestial equator. E) the umbra. 39) What is the difference between a star and a planet A) Planets are bigger than stars. B) Stars generate energy through nuclear fusion. C) Planets generate energy through nuclear fusion. D) Stars are composed primarily of iron. E) Stars are composed primarily of silicon. 40) The Earth’s North Celestial Pole currently has approximately the same position as … A) Polaris in the sky. B) Vega in the sky. C) Betelgeuse in the sky. D) the Moon in the sky. E) the Sun in the sky.