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INTERACTIONS AND ECOSYSTEMS VOCABULARY REVIEW NAME: __________________________ HOMEROOM: _______ DATE: _______ Topic A Vocabulary Environment Ecosystem Nutrients Cellular respiration Resource partitioning Species Symbiosis Mutualism Parasitism Predation Competition Adaptation Habitat Commensalism 1. The complex interactions between living and non-living components in an environment is known as a(n) ________________________. 2. Both plants and animals need _____________________ such as glucose to survive. This is more commonly known as “food”. 3. During _____________________ ______________________ , food is converted to energy and carbon dioxide is given off as a waste product. 4. When animals share a resource, such as bees and butterflies sharing flowers as a nectar source, it is called ___________________ _________________. 5. When one species benefits and the other is not affected in any way, it is called _______________________________. 6. A typical predator/prey relationship where one species benefits and the other is harmed is called ____________________________. 7. Through __________________________, an animal or plant adjusts to its environment through modification of its physical characteristics. For example, cactus modified their cells to hold large amounts of water. 8. An _______________________ is the combination of external, physical conditions that affect and influence the growth, development, and survival of organisms. 9. An area that allows an animal or plant to obtain all of the necessities of life (shelter, food, etc.) is called its _____________________. 10. A __________________________ refers to a group of organisms with similar characteristics and the ability to produce breeding offspring. 11. When two different animals or plants are trying to dominate one resource and force the other out, it is called _____________________. 12. _______________________ includes all different types of interrelationships between plants and animals. 13. When an organism harms another one in order to survive (i.e. ticks), the relationship is called ________________________. 14. When both organisms benefit from an interrelationship, as in the case of bees and flowers, it is called _____________________. Topic B Vocabulary Abiotic Producers Food chain Food pyramid Runoff Primary or first-order consumer Secondary or second-order consumer Tertiary or third-order consumer Omnivore Scavenger Greenhouse gas Consumer Food web Matter Water cycle Evaporation Condensation Precipitation Infiltration or percolation Biotic Transpiration Photosynthesis Evapotransporation Carbon cycle Acid rain Decomposer PCB’s Biomagnification 15. Non-living or _____________________, and living or _________________ components interact in an ecosystem. 16. During the process of ____________________________, plants take in sunlight and water and convert it to food and oxygen. 17. _______________________ are able to make their own food while _______________________ rely on other living things for their food. 18. Animals that eat only animals that eat plants (i.e. a snake that eats only mice) are called ___________________ _________________ _________________________. 19. Animals that only eat corpses of dead animals, such as maggots feeding off a dead bird, are called _________________________. 20. All living things become food for _________________________ after they die. These organisms act as a bridge between the biotic and abiotic world. 21. _______________ ____________ show the direct interactions from one producer to one consumer while _____________ __________ show the complex interactions between all organisms in an ecosystem. 22. A ________________ ____________________ shows how energy decreases as you go further up a food chain. 23. Water is cycled through the environment using both evaporation from lakes and transpiration from plant leaves. This is called _______________________________. 24. Water goes from the surface down into deeper groundwater through the process of __________________ or __________________. 25. Some water falls on the ground and then goes directly to a large surface body of water such as a lake. This is called ___________________. 26. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere comes from both cellular respiration and burning of things such as fossil fuels. This is part of how carbon is moved through the environment in the ________________ ____________________. 27. Sulfuric and nitric acid from burning fossil fuels combines with water vapour in the atmosphere to create ___________ ___________ which is a major pollutant. 28. When a toxin such as mercury becomes more concentrated in organisms as they move up the food chain, it is called ___________________. 29. A ____________________ or ___________-______________ consumer eats only plants and is called a herbivore. 30. _________________ is anything that has mass and takes up space. 31. It is possible that excess carbon dioxide in our atmosphere is causing our planet to warm up. The carbon dioxide is called a ____________________ __________. 32. Water is moved through the environment in the _____________ ________________. This includes __________________ (rain), ___________________ (liquid to gas), and _________________ (gas to liquid). 33. ___________ are very toxic contaminants that are often dumped into landfills. They can come from lubricants or coolants. 34. An animal that will eat both plants and other animals is called an _____________________. 35. ____________________ or _____________-______________ consumers eat animals that eat other carnivores, such as a hawk eating a snake that at a mouse. Topic C Vocabulary Sample plot or quadrat Niche Succession Primary succession Climax community Secondary succession Bioinvasion Pioneer species 36. To do a study of a large area, it is easier to mark off a smaller area and count the organisms inside of it. This area is called a _______________ ____________ or _______________. 37. When a species from outside of a natural environment upsets the balance of food webs, it is called ___________________________. 38. An organism’s role (what it does, how it interacts with other organisms) is referred to as its ____________________. 39. Succession refers to the order in which plants tend to appear when they are colonizing an area. ________________ __________________ occurs when plants colonize an area that has never had plants on it, while ___________________ _____________________ occurs when plants re-colonize an area previously inhabited by other plants. 40. The first plants to colonize an area are called the _______________ _____________________ while an old, established plant community is called a ___________________ ______________________. Topic D Vocabulary Unintended consequences Insecticide DDT Threatened Endangered Extinct Pesticide Point of view or perspective Scientific point of view Economic point of view Societal point of view Political point of view Ethical point of view Ecological footprint 41. Because bats bother some people, they were often killed because they were a nuisance. However, when the bat population declined, the mosquito population increased dramatically since bats ate huge numbers of the parasites. This is an example of ____________________ ___________________. 42. There are only an estimated 100 Vancouver Island Marmots left, meaning that they are an _________________________ species. The Carrier Pigeon is gone forever so is ______________ and the Burrowing Owl’s numbers are beginning to decline rapidly so it is _____________________. 43. Your _______________________ _____________________ is a measure of how environmentally friendly or unfriendly your lifestyle is. 44. There are certain issues that have strongly divided viewpoints among people. A viewpoint focusing on money is ____________________ while one focusing on the moral “right and wrong” is _____________________. A view focusing on scientific research is a ___________________ point of view. A __________________ point of view focuses on the wants of a government, and a ____________________ point of view is one that focuses on what would benefit society as a whole. 45. A material that gets rid of unwanted pests such as weeds or insects is called a ____________________. __________ is an insecticide that was used in Borneo to get rid of mosquitoes but it had disastrous results on the human population there.