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The Sun and the Eight Planets At the center of our Solar System is the Sun. The Sun is almost 900,000 miles in diameter. About 115 Earth’s could fit across the Sun. Here’s a picture of Venus in front of the Sun. Video of the Transit of Venus. The Rocky Planets Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun. It is the smallest planet in the Solar System. Mercury. Venus is the 2nd planet th from the Sun & the 6 largest planet in the Solar System. rd 3 Earth is the th planet and the 5 largest planet. th 4 Mars is the planet from the Sun th and the 7 largest. Questions about Mars. Why is Mars Red? Characteristics of Rocky Planets: Small (less than 8,500 miles in diameter). Long days (24 hours to 243 days). Characteristics of Rocky Planets: Short years (2 years to 88 days). Few moons (Mars -2; Earth – 1; Mercury & Venus -0). The Gas Giants th 5 Jupiter is the planet from the Sun and the largest planet. Jupiter’s own little Solar System. Jupiter’s Red Spot. th 6 Saturn is the planet from the Sun nd and the 2 largest. Wonders of the Solar System – Saturn. th 7 Uranus is the planet from the Sun rd and the 3 largest. Rings of Uranus. Neptune is the 8th planet th from the Sun and the 4 largest planet. Neptune’s storms. Characteristics of the Gas Giants. Large – 88,000 miles to 30,000 miles. Short days – 10 hours to 17 hours. Characteristics of the Gas Giants. Long years – 12 years to 165 years. Many moons – 27 to 63.