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Biology Prefixes and Suffixes Prefix Meaning Example and definition of example -a Asexual (without sex) AbAdAerAmbiAmphi- Without, negative, not Away from Toward, near Aerobic On both sides Double, both AmylAna- Starch Upward, back, again AndrAngio- Man Vessel AnteAnthroAnti- Before Flower Against ArthAsco- Joint Sac, bag AutoBiBioBrachiaBradyBronchiBryoCalorCardiCarpCataCaud- Self Two Life Upper arm, forelimb Slow windpipe Moss Heat Heart Fruit Down, lower, under Tail Amylase (starch enzyme) Anaplasia (cell reverting to an immature form, as seen in malignant tumors) Androgen (male hormone) Angiotensin (neurotransmitter vessel peptide) Antenatal (before birth) Anthrophyta (flowering plants division) Antibodies (proteins that work against invaders) Arthritis (joint inflammation) Ascomycete (fungi whose spores are produed in a sac) Autotroph (self nourishing) Biennial (two year life span plant) Biology (the study of life) Brachium (arm-like part of an animal) Bradycardia (slow heart beat) bronchioles (small tubes in the lungs) Byrophyte (mosses) Calorie Cardiovascular Carples Catabolic Caudal Abnormal (departing from normally_ Adrenal (toward the kidneys) (with oxygen) Ambidextrous (capable of using both hands) Amphibian (lives on both land and water) CephalChlorchole ChondrChromCircumCole- Head Green Bile Cartilage Color Around Hollow ConContraCostCounterCrani- With, together Against Rib Against Skull CryptCutCyst- Un- Hidden Skin Sac or vesicle, bladder Cell Finger, toe, digit Skin Two Across, through Double Abnormal, impaired, difficulty Not UniUr- One Urine VasVitXanthXeno- vessel Life Yellow Strange, foreign CytoDactylDermdiDiaDiploDys- Cephalization Chlorophyll Cholesterol Chondroma chromoplast Circumcise Coelom (body cavity that seperates the gut from the outer body wall) Conjugation contraception Costal Countercurrent exchange Craniometer (instrument used to measure the skull) Cryptozoology cutical cystocele Cytosol Dactylogram dermis disaccharide diaphragm Diploid cell dysplasia Unsaturated (not saturated; capable of dissolving more of a substance) Unicellular (having a single cell) Ureter (duct leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder) vasodilation (dilation of a blood vessel Vitalism Xanthophyll (yellow plant pigment) xenotransplantation (surgical removal and transplantation of an organ or tissue from one species to a different species) XeroZoo- Dry Animal Xeroderma (abnormally dry skin) Zoologist ( a person who studies animals and animal life) Zygote (a fertilized cell) zymurgy (branch of chemistry concerned with fermentation processes) ZygZym- Yoke, union Ferment Macro- Large Macroeudution MalMegMelanMeningMentMerMesaMetaMicroMillMonoMorphMycMyoFilFlagellFlavReRetro- Bad, Abnormal Great, large Black Membrane Mind Part, partial Middle After, behind Small Thousand One Form, shape Fungi Muscle Thread Whip Yellow Back again Backward, behind RhizEcto- Root Outer, external En- In Encephal- Brain End-, Endo- within Malformation Megaloncephaly Melanin Meninges Mental Meropia Mesaphyll Metastasis Microscopic Milliliter Monocots Morphogenesis Mycorrhize Myoglobin Filum( a thread-like anatomical structure) Flagella (whiplike structures) Flavin (water-soluble yellow pigments) Regeneration (Re-growth of a body part) Retrolental (occurring behind the lens of the eye) Rhizoids (root-like structures in some fungi) Ectotherm (An organism that uses external heat to regulate it’s body temperature) Endothelium (Innermost layer of cells lining blood vessels) Encephalogram (A graphical recording of the brain’s electrical activity) Endotherm (Organism that generates heat Epi- Above ErythroEu- red Good, well, true Ex- Out of, outer Extra- Outside, beyond GamGastr United, jointed, sexual Stomach, Belly Gemm- bud GenGeoGlyco- Produce, to give birth Earth Sugar, sweet Gnath- jaw GonoGymno- Seed, sexual, reproductive Naked Gyn- women HaploHem- Single Blood Hemi- Half, partial internally to maintain a constant body temperature) Epiphyte (A plant that grows on the surface of another plant for support) Erythrocyte (red blood cell) Eukaryote (Organism whose cells contains a “true” membrane bound nucleus) Exoskeleton (hard outer surface that provides support or protection for an organism) Extracellular (locating or occurring outside a cell) Gametes (egg or sperm that unite during sexual reproduction) Gastric juice (Acidic fluid secretes by the stomach) Gemmule (A small bud-like reproductive structure found in some sponges) Genital (Of or relating to biological reproductive organs) Geothermal Glycolysis (metabolic pathway that involves the splitting of sugars (glucose) into pyruvic acid) Agnatha (A superclass of fish that lack jaws) Gonophore (a structure within a reproductive organ or part) gymnosperms (vascular plants that bear naked or unenclosed seeds gynecology (branch of science that deals with diseases and disorders of the female reproductive organs) haploid (having a single set of chromosomes hemoglobin (iron containing protein in red blood cells) hemiparasite (organism that is able to live either as a parasite or independently) HepatHetero- Liver Other, different HistHolo- Tissue Whole Homo- Same Hydro- Water Hyper- Above, excessive Hypo- Inter- Under, beneath, lacking Not Below, beneath, inferior Between IntraIso- Within Equal Karyo- Nucleus, nut Kerat- Horn, cornea LactLeukLith- Milk White Stone; joint or limb Lute- Yellow Necro- Death, corpse ImInfra- hepatitis (inflammation of the liver) heterozygous (having two different alleles for a given trait) histoma (tumor derived from mature tissue) holotrophs (organisms that eat other organisms whole or in pieces) homozygous (having two alleles for a given trait that are the same) hydrophilic (having an affinity for water; water loving) hyperthyroidism (condition resulting from the excessive production of thyroid hormones) hypodermic (of or pertaining to the parts under the skin) Immobile (not moving) infrasonic (having frequencies below those of audible sound) interstitial fluid (fluid filling space between cells) intraocular (occurring within the eyeball) isogamy (fusion of male and female gametes that are the same size and structure) karyogamy (uniting of cell nuclei; fertilization) keratectomy (removal of a part of the cornea) lactose (milk sugar) leukocytes (white blood cells) lithosphere (the solid rocky crust of the earth) lutein (yellow carotenoid pigment found in egg yolk, body fats and the tissues of the corpus luteum) necrobiosis (natural death of cells through the process of aging) Nemat- Thread, thread-like NeoNephNeuro- New Kidney Nerve OculOdontOlig- eye tooth Few, little oo- Egg, ovum Ophthalm- Eye, eyeball OrbOrthoOste- Circle, sphere Normal, straight, upright Bone OvPara- Egg Around, near, beside PathPed- Disease Child, children; foot Pell- Skin Peri- Around Phago- Eating Phil- Love Phob- Fear nematocytes (thread-like stinging cells found in Hydra) neonatal (of or relating to newborn infants) neonatal (of or relating to newborn infants) neuroblast (embryonic cell that develops into a nerve cell) Oculus (an eye) Odontoid (tooth-like) oligosaccharide (a carbohydrate that contains a small number of component sugars) oogenesis (formation and development of an ovum) ophthalmoscope (instrument for examining the retina of the eye orbis (round, ring, rotation; world) orthostatic (relating to standing upright) osteoporosis (abnormal reduction in the amount of bone mass resulting in fragile porous bones) Ovum (female gamete, egg) parathyroid (near or within the thyroid gland) pathogen (disease causing agent) pediatrics (branch of medicine dealing with infant and child care) pedestrian (one who travels on foot) pellagra (disease caused by a deficiency of protein and niacin resulting in skin lesions) pericardium (membranous sac surrounding the heart) phagocyte (a cell that engulfs and digests waste materials and microorganisms) philoprogenitive (relating to the love of children) phobia (abnormal irrational fear of a PhrenPhyto- Mind Plant Platy- Flat Pleur- Rib, side, lateral Pneum- Lung Pod- Foot, foot-like Polio- Gray Poly- Many PostPrePro- After Before, prior Before, primary Pseudo- False Psych- Soul, mind PteridoPub- Fern Adult Per- Pus Pyro- Fire, heat Sacchar- Sugar specific thing) phrenic (of or relating to the mind) phytochrome (pigment involved in many plant responses to light) platypus (semiaquatic mammal with a broad flat tail and a snout resembling a duck's bill) pleurodont (teeth that are attached by their sides to the inner side of the jaw) pneumococcus (microorganism that causes a disease of the lungs called bacterial pneumonia) podia (structures that resemble or function as feet) poliomyelitis (viral disease that causes inflammation of the motor neurons or gray matter of the brainstem and spinal cord) polysome (many ribosomes attached to a messenger RNA) postmortem (occurring after death) prepuce (foreskin covering the human penis) protoderm (outer most primary meristem that forms the epidermis of roots and shoots) pseudoscience (practice that resembles science but is considered to be without scientific foundation) psychology (science that deals with mental processes and behavior) pteridology (the study of ferns) puberty (stage of adolescence marked by the functioning of sex glands; sexual maturation into adulthood) pyoderma (skin diseases associated with the formation of or caused by pus) pyrosis (burning sensation in the chest, heartburn) disaccharide (double sugar, example: sucrose - composed of glucose and fructose) Sapro- Decay, rotten Schis- Split saprophyte (organism that absorbs nutrients from dead or decaying matter) schizocarp (fruit that splits into several closed one-seeded portions upon maturation) SclerSemiSensSeptaSepticSomaSpermSpiroSporSquamStaphylStenoStomStrictSubSuperSupraSynSuffix -asis Blast -duct -Ferent -form -rrhagia -rrhea -ectomy -emia Meaning Affected with, with Bud or germ To lead Carry, bring Shape Excessive Flow Flow, discharge Remove, excise blood -genic Producing, Example and definition of example Homeostasis (with a steady state) Osteoblast (a cell from which bone is derived) aqueduct Afferent (carry inward to a central organ or region) Bacilliform (rod shape) Menorrhagia (abnormally heavy menstruation) Diarrhea (frequent and watery bowel movements) Tonsillectomy (removal of the tonsils) Leukemia (form of cancer characterized by an abnormal increase In the number of white blood cells in the body) carcinogenic (a cancer producing substance or agent) -gram -itis -kinesis -logy -lunar -lysis -oma -osis -otomy -ous generating Write, record Inflammation Movement, motion Science of, study of Of or relating to the moon Decomposition, dissolving, destruction Tumor Affected with, condition, abnormal process Act of cutting, incision Characterized by, full of -pathy -ped Disease Foot -penia -phagia -philic lacking, deficiency Eating, swallowing Love -phore -phyll -plasm Carry, bear Leaf Material forming cells Air, breathing Production, creation, formation -pnea -poiesis -scope angiogram (an X-ray representation of the blood vessels appendicitis (inflammation of the appendix) cytokinesis (cell motion; division of the cytoplasm) biology (science of life and living organisms) semilunar (shaped like a half moon; crescent shaped) chemolysis (decomposition of organic substances through the use of chemical agents) adenoma (a benign glandular epithelial tumor) cirrhosis (chronic disease affecting the liver) gastrotomy (incision in the stomach) homozygous (union characterized by the joining of identical alleles for a single trait) neuropathy (disease of the nervous system) centipede (worm-like arthropod with a large number of feet) leukopenia (abnormally low white blood cell count) dysphagia (difficultly in swallowing) thermophilic (relating to the love of heat or hot environments) chromatophores (pigment-bearing structures) sporophyll (leaf that contains spores) cytoplasm (contents of a cell excluding the nucleus) apnea (to temporarily stop breathing) hematopoiesis (formation of blood or blood cells)