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SFCC Walkover Habitat Survey Training Course July 2015 DAY 1 DAY 2 Why survey river habitat? Improve knowledge of fish populations; fish survey data • Fishery & conservation management • Primarily salmonids • Lamprey & other species Assess habitat in relation to pressures; habitat survey data • Availability; quantitative • Suitability; categorisation • Condition; subjective observation Identify & communicate; Management actions • Pressures • Bottlenecks • Opportunities • Estimate fish production • Develop Management strategy Habitat influences on fish populations • Distribution of fish • Abundance of fish • Life-history characteristics Influenced by a complex mix of; • Biotic & Abiotic factors • Interactions within aquatic food web • Human derived pressures Influences on Fish Habitat (Abiotic) The aquatic environment; food & shelter; • Geography; Climate, geology & topography • Water chemistry / quality; Suitability & Productivity, • Hydrology; seasonal variation in discharge • Hydraulics; channel gradient / type, water depth, bed roughness etc. Influences of Habitat on fish (Biotic) • Characteristics; species, life history, genetics • Survival; cover provided by habitat • Health; disease, parasites, condition of individual • Food; population density, feeding niches, aquatic & terrestrial invertebrates • Competition; productivity, habitat heterogeneity / complexity • Carrying capacity; species & life stage Influences on Habitat Condition Human derived pressures • Barriers to migration; Habitat accessibility • Pollution; point & diffuse – habitat productivity • Abstraction / regulation; Habitat availability • Modification; Loss of heterogeneity All Combine to affect; • Carrying capacity; population abundance • Predation; cover provided by habitat • Health stressors; disease, parasites, condition of individual • Food availability; competition for limited resources • Adaptation; genetic variation, exacerbate effects of climate change Survey Preparation Spatial information • O.S Maps; waterfalls, gradient, land & water use, road network, potential pressures • Google Maps; land use, recent developments, type of channel • Old maps; channel realignment / migration • Geological maps; Hard and soft rock / soil types • Arial photography & LIDAR; Terrain and land cover Identifying pressures • RBP information sheets; ecological status / pressures • Flow gauging data; link to land drainage / water use • Water quality data; Chemistry & inverts RIVER SHIRA – CONSTRAINTS a modified habitat (moderate EP) River Shira Survey design Survey type • Remote; Aerial studies • Field; continuous walkover • Mixture; Targeted spot / transect sampling (e-fish habitat data) Survey resolution • Remote; Large area, low resolution & high cost • Field; Moderate area, variable resolution & cost • Mixture; Large area / mixed resolution & cost Field surveys– Design considerations Survey coverage & Interpretation • SFCC protocol; 2 – 4 km per day • Walkover; 4 – 8 or more km per day • Habitat variability; access, complexity, logistics • Health & safety; phone signal, lone working etc • Experience; E-fish surveys, Identifying visual signs Survey outputs • Quantifying the resource; Access / area / type • Gauging condition & pressures; limitations • Spatial information; GIS mapping; • Recommendations for management actions Field survey kit • • • • • • • • Waders Polaroid sunglasses Wading / measure stick / Ruler Waterproofs Sun / midge replant Clipboard / weather writer / pencils Hand-held GPS Camera